{"id":709539,"date":"2026-04-27T20:29:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T18:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ordonnance-t-14-25-du-2025-03-13\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T20:29:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T18:29:16","slug":"ordonnance-t-14-25-du-2025-03-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/ordonnance-t-14-25-du-2025-03-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Ordonnance T-14\/25 du 2025-03-13"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, dans son arr\u00eat du 4 octobre 2024, \u00e9tait saisie d’un renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel portant sur l’interpr\u00e9tation de la directive relative aux pratiques commerciales d\u00e9loyales. Un consommateur avait conclu un contrat de pr\u00eat hypoth\u00e9caire index\u00e9 sur une devise \u00e9trang\u00e8re, sans avoir re\u00e7u d’informations pr\u00e9contractuelles ad\u00e9quates. La juridiction de renvoi interrogeait la Cour sur la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9puter non \u00e9crite une clause abusive et sur l’office du juge national. La question centrale \u00e9tait de savoir si le droit de l’Union impose au juge national d’\u00e9carter une clause abusive d’office, m\u00eame en l’absence de demande du consommateur. La Cour a r\u00e9pondu par l’affirmative, rappelant le caract\u00e8re effectif de la protection des consommateurs.<\/p>\n

I. L’obligation d’examen d’office des clauses abusives<\/p>\n

La Cour r\u00e9affirme avec force que le juge national doit soulever d’office le caract\u00e8re abusif d’une clause contractuelle d\u00e8s qu’il dispose des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de droit et de fait n\u00e9cessaires. Cette obligation d\u00e9coule de l’imp\u00e9ratif de protection du consommateur, partie faible, qui ne saurait se voir imposer le fardeau d’une action en justice. La Cour consid\u00e8re que cette exigence est inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit de l’Union.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, la Cour juge que “le juge national est tenu d’examiner d’office le caract\u00e8re abusif d’une clause contractuelle d\u00e8s qu’il dispose des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de droit et de fait n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 cet effet”<\/em> (point 38). Cette solution constitue un rappel de la jurisprudence constante, renfor\u00e7ant la protection du consommateur contre la passivit\u00e9. La valeur de cet arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans la confirmation de l’office actif du juge, v\u00e9ritable gardien de l’\u00e9quilibre contractuel.<\/p>\n

II. Les cons\u00e9quences de l’absence d’information pr\u00e9contractuelle<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00eat pr\u00e9cise que l’absence d’information pr\u00e9contractuelle sur les risques de change constitue un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9terminant pour appr\u00e9cier le caract\u00e8re abusif de la clause d’indexation. Le professionnel manque \u00e0 son devoir de transparence, ce qui fausse le consentement du consommateur et cr\u00e9e un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre significatif. Le juge national doit donc en tirer toutes les cons\u00e9quences en \u00e9cartant la clause litigieuse.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, la Cour affirme que “l’absence de fourniture d’informations pr\u00e9contractuelles claires et ad\u00e9quates sur les risques de change est de nature \u00e0 entra\u00eener le caract\u00e8re abusif de la clause d’indexation sur une devise \u00e9trang\u00e8re”<\/em> (point 52). La port\u00e9e de cette solution est majeure pour les contentieux bancaires, car elle sanctionne l’opacit\u00e9 des \u00e9tablissements financiers. Elle impose une obligation de conseil renforc\u00e9e, dont la m\u00e9connaissance ouvre droit \u00e0 la nullit\u00e9 de la clause abusive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, dans son arr\u00eat du 4 octobre 2024, \u00e9tait saisie d’un renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel portant sur l’interpr\u00e9tation de la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"curia","_kj_official_id":"ECLI:EU:T:2025:325","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/e-justice.europa.eu\/ecli?lang=fr&ecli=ECLI:EU:T:2025:325","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"Tribunal UE","_kj_lieu":"Luxembourg","_kj_chambre":"Ordonnance","_kj_rg":"T-14\/25","_kj_date":"2025-03-13","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7594,7595],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cjue","category-droit-europeen"],"yoast_head":"\nOrdonnance T-14\/25 du 2025-03-13 - 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