{"id":649755,"date":"2026-04-22T17:06:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n24-03580\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T17:06:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:06:01","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n24-03580","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n24-03580\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03580"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re de protection, a rendu un jugement le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025. Le litige opposait le bailleur successeur \u00e0 ses locataires pour impay\u00e9s de loyers. Apr\u00e8s une proc\u00e9dure de commandement et une saisine de la commission pr\u00e9fectorale, le bailleur a demand\u00e9 la r\u00e9siliation du bail, l’expulsion et le paiement des sommes dues. Les locataires, bien que r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement cit\u00e9s, sont demeur\u00e9s non comparants. Le juge a admis les demandes du bailleur, constatant la r\u00e9siliation du bail et ordonnant l’expulsion. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre l’articulation entre la force obligatoire du contrat et les mesures protectrices issues de la loi du 29 juillet 2023.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre de la clause r\u00e9solutoire contractuelle<\/p>\n

La primaut\u00e9 accord\u00e9e au d\u00e9lai contractuel. Le juge a d’abord examin\u00e9 les conditions de la r\u00e9siliation du bail pour d\u00e9faut de paiement. Le contrat contenait une clause pr\u00e9voyant une r\u00e9siliation de plein droit deux mois apr\u00e8s un commandement infructueux. Le tribunal a relev\u00e9 que ce d\u00e9lai contractuel devait s’appliquer, malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal de six semaines introduit par une loi r\u00e9cente. “Compte tenu de la force obligatoire du contrat, il sera fait application de ce d\u00e9lai nonobstant le d\u00e9lai de six semaines instaur\u00e9e par la loi du 29 juillet 2023” (Motifs, Sur la r\u00e9siliation et l’expulsion). Cette solution affirme le principe de l’autonomie de la volont\u00e9 et de la force obligatoire des conventions. Elle limite la port\u00e9e imm\u00e9diate de la r\u00e9forme protectrice des locataires, en privil\u00e9giant la stipulation contractuelle ant\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

L’absence de suspension malgr\u00e9 le cadre protecteur. Le juge a ensuite constat\u00e9 la r\u00e9union des conditions de la clause r\u00e9solutoire, le commandement \u00e9tant rest\u00e9 infructueux. Il a not\u00e9 l’absence de toute demande des locataires pour suspendre les effets de cette clause. “Monsieur [S] [Z] et Madame [E] [Z] ne se sont jamais manifest\u00e9s, notamment pour demander le gel de la clause r\u00e9solutoire” (Motifs, Sur la r\u00e9siliation et l’expulsion). Cette observation est cruciale car elle souligne le caract\u00e8re facultatif des mesures de suspension pr\u00e9vues par la loi. Le juge rappelle ainsi que les dispositifs protecteurs, comme le gel de la clause, ne sont pas d’ordre public et n\u00e9cessitent une initiative du locataire. La port\u00e9e en est que la protection du locataire en difficult\u00e9 reste conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 sa propre diligence proc\u00e9durale.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de la r\u00e9siliation : expulsion et indemnisation<\/p>\n

L’ordonnance d’expulsion et son cadre proc\u00e9dural. Suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9siliation, les occupants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9s d’occupants sans droit ni titre. Le tribunal a donc ordonn\u00e9 leur expulsion, en encadrant strictement cette mesure. Il a rappel\u00e9 les modalit\u00e9s d’ex\u00e9cution pr\u00e9vues par le code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d’ex\u00e9cution, notamment concernant le sort des meubles. “les meubles se trouvant sur les lieux sont remis, aux frais de la personne expuls\u00e9e, en un lieu que celle-ci d\u00e9signe” (Motifs, Sur la r\u00e9siliation et l’expulsion, citant l’article L. 433-1 du CPCE). Cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pr\u00e9cise manifeste la volont\u00e9 du juge de garantir une ex\u00e9cution respectueuse des biens du d\u00e9biteur. La valeur de cette pr\u00e9cision est de rappeler que l’expulsion, bien que coercitive, doit se d\u00e9rouler dans un cadre l\u00e9gal strict pr\u00e9servant la dignit\u00e9 des personnes.<\/p>\n

La condamnation au paiement de la dette et de l’indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation. Enfin, le juge a liquid\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ance du bailleur, en ordonnant le paiement de l’arri\u00e9r\u00e9 de loyers jusqu’\u00e0 la r\u00e9siliation. Pour la p\u00e9riode d’occupation illicite post\u00e9rieure, il a accord\u00e9 une indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation. Celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9e par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au dernier loyer d\u00fb, constituant ainsi une \u00e9quivalence l\u00e9gale. “l’indemnit\u00e9 mensuelle d’occupation qui sera fix\u00e9e par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au montant du dernier loyer d\u00fb” (Motifs, Sur la demande en paiement d\u2019une indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation). Cette solution est classique et vise \u00e0 r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9sultant de la privation de jouissance. Sa port\u00e9e est de confirmer que l’occupation sans titre g\u00e9n\u00e8re une obligation de payer une somme \u00e9quivalente au loyer, sanctionnant ainsi l’enrichissement injustifi\u00e9 de l’occupant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re de protection, a rendu un jugement le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025. Le litige opposait le bailleur successeur…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"697b64aacdc6046d471cd4a6","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697b64aacdc6046d471cd4a6","_kj_judilibre_id":"697b64aacdc6046d471cd4a6","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne","_kj_chambre":"4 \u00e8me Chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/03580","_kj_date":"2025-12-09","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03580 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re de protection, a rendu un jugement le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025. 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