{"id":653647,"date":"2026-04-23T01:28:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T23:28:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-2-octobre-2025-n24-02151\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T01:28:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T23:28:56","slug":"cour-dappel-le-2-octobre-2025-n24-02151","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-2-octobre-2025-n24-02151\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 2 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/02151"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel, chambre sociale, statuant par mise \u00e0 disposition de l’arr\u00eat au greffe, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e prud’homale. Un salari\u00e9 demandait l’inscription provisionnelle de cr\u00e9ances salariales au passif d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation et la d\u00e9livrance de documents de fin de contrat. La juridiction d’appel a confirm\u00e9 l’incomp\u00e9tence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour les cr\u00e9ances salariales garanties, mais a infirm\u00e9 pour ordonner la d\u00e9livrance des documents et allouer des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats contre le mandataire liquidateur.<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9ances salariales<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des comp\u00e9tences entre les formations du conseil de prud’hommes<\/p>\n

Le litige portait initialement sur la comp\u00e9tence de la formation de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s du conseil de prud’hommes. Le salari\u00e9 sollicitait l’inscription au passif de cr\u00e9ances diverses li\u00e9es \u00e0 la rupture de son contrat de travail. La cour rappelle le principe de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 des juridictions en mati\u00e8re de proc\u00e9dures collectives. Elle souligne que “le bureau de jugement du conseil de prud’hommes est seul comp\u00e9tent, pour conna\u00eetre des litiges relatifs aux cr\u00e9ances qui doivent figurer sur un relev\u00e9 des cr\u00e9ances r\u00e9sultant d’un contrat de travail et opposant le salari\u00e9 au repr\u00e9sentant des cr\u00e9anciers, d\u00e8s lors que le salari\u00e9 entend obtenir la mise en oeuvre de la garantie de l’association pour la gestion du r\u00e9gime d’assurance des cr\u00e9ances des salari\u00e9s (AGS)” (Motifs). Cette solution consacre une r\u00e9partition claire des attributions. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s est incomp\u00e9tent d\u00e8s que le salari\u00e9 invoque la garantie de l’AGS, renvoyant l’examen au fond. Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive prot\u00e8ge le principe du contradictoire et la proc\u00e9dure de v\u00e9rification des cr\u00e9ances en liquidation.<\/p>\n

L’exclusion des demandes relevant de la garantie des salaires<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re une distinction essentielle entre les types de demandes formul\u00e9es par le salari\u00e9. Toutes les sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es au titre de rappels de salaire, d’indemnit\u00e9s de licenciement ou de pr\u00e9avis, et de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour ex\u00e9cution d\u00e9loyale du contrat sont \u00e9cart\u00e9es de la comp\u00e9tence du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Ces cr\u00e9ances, potentiellement couvertes par la garantie de l’AGS, doivent suivre la voie ordinaire. La cour estime donc “par une juste appr\u00e9ciation des faits et du droit que la formation de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s du conseil de prud’hommes s’est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e incomp\u00e9tente pour statuer sur ces demandes” (Motifs). Cette solution est en coh\u00e9rence avec la jurisprudence existante sur le traitement des cr\u00e9ances en proc\u00e9dure collective. Elle rejoint le principe selon lequel “le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ne peut pas inscrire une quelconque cr\u00e9ance au passif de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation judiciaire, cette cr\u00e9ance demeurant soumise, en l’absence d’instance au fond engag\u00e9e, \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure normale de v\u00e9rification et \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du juge-commissaire” (Cour d’appel de Lyon, le 18 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b025\/04625). La port\u00e9e est significative pour les salari\u00e9s, qui doivent engager une action au fond pour faire valoir leurs droits \u00e0 garantie.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle du mandataire liquidateur<\/p>\n

Les obligations accessoires du liquidateur envers le salari\u00e9<\/p>\n

En revanche, la cour admet la comp\u00e9tence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour les demandes relatives aux documents de fin de contrat. Elle constate que le mandataire liquidateur a produit l’attestation pour France Travail mais “ne d\u00e9montre pas avoir transmis le solde de tout compte et le certificat de travail” (Motifs). Ces obligations, distinctes du paiement des sommes dues, p\u00e8sent personnellement sur le liquidateur. Leur inex\u00e9cution cause un pr\u00e9judice certain au salari\u00e9, entravant sa recherche d’un nouvel emploi et l’exercice de ses droits sociaux. La formation de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, par sa c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9, est jug\u00e9e appropri\u00e9e pour enjoindre la d\u00e9livrance de ces pi\u00e8ces. Cette solution rappelle que la liquidation n’exon\u00e8re pas le repr\u00e9sentant des cr\u00e9anciers de ses devoirs annexes. Elle assure une protection efficace des int\u00e9r\u00eats du salari\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 de la seule question p\u00e9cuniaire, en garantissant l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des documents administratifs indispensables.<\/p>\n

La sanction d’une faute dans l’ex\u00e9cution du mandat<\/p>\n

L’absence de transmission des documents justifie la condamnation du mandataire \u00e0 des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats. La cour retient que cette carence “fait n\u00e9cessairement pr\u00e9judice” au salari\u00e9 et condamne le liquidateur \u00e0 verser mille euros (Motifs). Cette d\u00e9cision fonde implicitement la responsabilit\u00e9 sur une faute contractuelle dans l’ex\u00e9cution du mandat de liquidation. Elle applique le principe selon lequel “engage sa responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle sur le fondement de l\u2019article 1240 du Code civil, le mandataire judiciaire qui manque \u00e0 ses obligations dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution du mandat qui lui est confi\u00e9” (Tribunal judiciaire de Nice, le 2 juin 2025, n\u00b023\/00283). La cour appr\u00e9cie souverainement l’existence du pr\u00e9judice et le montant de l’indemnisation. La port\u00e9e est importante car elle rappelle la responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle des auxiliaires de justice. Elle sanctionne les manquements aux obligations proc\u00e9durales m\u00eame lorsque la cr\u00e9ance principale est renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 une autre instance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel, chambre sociale, statuant par mise \u00e0 disposition de l’arr\u00eat au greffe, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e prud…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68df5bdacf4e7f1c37e1cccd","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68df5bdacf4e7f1c37e1cccd","_kj_judilibre_id":"68df5bdacf4e7f1c37e1cccd","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Nancy","_kj_chambre":"Chambre sociale-2\u00e8me sect","_kj_rg":"24\/02151","_kj_date":"2025-10-02","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-653647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 2 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/02151 - 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