{"id":654643,"date":"2026-04-23T03:50:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T01:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-1-octobre-2025-n25-02748\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T03:50:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T01:50:09","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-1-octobre-2025-n25-02748","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-1-octobre-2025-n25-02748\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 1 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/02748"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, statuant par ordonnance du 1er octobre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux victimes d’un accident corporel. Ces derni\u00e8res sollicitaient l’ordonnance d’une expertise m\u00e9dicale ainsi qu’une provision sur leur indemnisation. L’assureur du responsable n’opposait pas la responsabilit\u00e9 de son assur\u00e9. Le juge a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 aux demandes en ordonnant une expertise et en allouant des provisions distinctes. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re probatoire et indemnitaire avant l’issue du proc\u00e8s au fond.<\/p>\n

L’expertise anticip\u00e9e comme mesure d’instruction utile<\/p>\n

Le cadre l\u00e9gal d’une mesure d’instruction pr\u00e9ventive. Le juge fonde sa d\u00e9cision sur l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Ce texte permet d’ordonner une mesure d’instruction avant tout proc\u00e8s pour conserver une preuve. “S’il existe un motif l\u00e9gitime de conserver ou d’\u00e9tablir avant tout proc\u00e8s la preuve de faits dont pourrait d\u00e9pendre la solution d’un litige, les mesures d’instruction l\u00e9galement admissibles peuvent \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9es \u00e0 la demande de tout int\u00e9ress\u00e9, sur requ\u00eate ou en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.” (SUR QUOI, NOUS, JUGE DES R\u00c9F\u00c9R\u00c9S, Sur l\u2019expertise). La condition essentielle est donc l’existence d’un motif l\u00e9gitime justifiant l’anticipation de la preuve.<\/p>\n

Une appr\u00e9ciation souveraine et large du motif l\u00e9gitime. Le juge pr\u00e9cise l’\u00e9tendue de son pouvoir d’appr\u00e9ciation en la mati\u00e8re. Il affirme que les contestations s\u00e9rieuses ne font pas obstacle \u00e0 l’expertise. “L’existence de contestations, m\u00eame s\u00e9rieuses, ne constitue pas un obstacle \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre des dispositions de l’article pr\u00e9cit\u00e9.” (SUR QUOI, NOUS, JUGE DES R\u00c9F\u00c9R\u00c9S, Sur l\u2019expertise). Il lui suffit de constater la possibilit\u00e9 d’un futur proc\u00e8s ayant un objet d\u00e9termin\u00e9. La solution de ce litige doit pouvoir d\u00e9pendre de la mesure d’instruction sollicit\u00e9e. Cette analyse conf\u00e8re une grande flexibilit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale pour pr\u00e9parer le d\u00e9bat sur le fond.<\/p>\n

L’allocation de provisions en pr\u00e9sence d’une obligation non contestable<\/p>\n

Le double r\u00e9gime de l’article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Le juge rappelle les deux volets de l’article 835. Il peut prescrire des mesures conservatoires pour pr\u00e9venir un dommage imminent. Il peut aussi accorder une provision lorsque l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. “Dans les cas o\u00f9 l’existence de l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable, il peut accorder une provision au cr\u00e9ancier, ou ordonner l’ex\u00e9cution de l’obligation m\u00eame s’il s’agit d’une obligation de faire.” (SUR QUOI, NOUS, JUGE DES R\u00c9F\u00c9R\u00c9S, Sur la demande provisionnelle). Cette jurisprudence rejoint celle du Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon du 27 ao\u00fbt 2025. “L\u2019article 835 alin\u00e9a 2 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile \u00e9nonce : \u00ab Dans les cas o\u00f9 l’existence de l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable, le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s peut accorder une provision au cr\u00e9ancier, ou ordonner l’ex\u00e9cution de l’obligation m\u00eame s’il s’agit d’une obligation de faire.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 27 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b025\/00155).<\/p>\n

La modulation de la provision en fonction de l’al\u00e9a sur le montant final. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le droit \u00e0 indemnisation n’est pas contest\u00e9 par l’assureur. Le juge en d\u00e9duit que l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Il peut donc allouer une provision aux victimes. Cependant, il pr\u00e9cise un important principe de mod\u00e9ration. Le montant de la provision ne doit pas exc\u00e9der le seuil au-del\u00e0 duquel l’indemnisation devient al\u00e9atoire. Cette appr\u00e9ciation est r\u00e9serv\u00e9e au juge du fond. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s fixe donc la provision \u00e0 1500 euros pour chaque victime. Il alloue \u00e9galement une provision ad litem pour les frais d’expertise. Cette distinction entre provision sur indemnisation et provision ad litem est notable. Elle assure le financement de l’expertise sans pr\u00e9juger du montant total du pr\u00e9judice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, statuant par ordonnance du 1er octobre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux victimes d’un accident corporel. C…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e0157674e929a9d8fa4186","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e0157674e929a9d8fa4186","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e0157674e929a9d8fa4186","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille","_kj_chambre":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s Cabinet 2","_kj_rg":"25\/02748","_kj_date":"2025-10-01","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-654643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 1 octobre 2025, n\u00b025\/02748 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, statuant par ordonnance du 1er octobre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par deux victimes d'un accident corporel. 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