{"id":655615,"date":"2026-04-23T05:50:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T03:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-tarbes-le-1-juillet-2025-n24-00744\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T05:50:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T03:50:50","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-tarbes-le-1-juillet-2025-n24-00744","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-tarbes-le-1-juillet-2025-n24-00744\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Tarbes, le 1 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/00744"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection du tribunal judiciaire de Tarbes, par jugement du 1er juillet 2025, statue sur une action en paiement d’un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. L’instance concerne un contrat de pr\u00eat consenti \u00e0 deux co-emprunteurs, dont l’un fait l’objet d’un d\u00e9sistement. Le juge examine la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action, la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme et la validit\u00e9 du contrat. Il d\u00e9clare l’action recevable et la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, mais ordonne une r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats sur la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat, tout en d\u00e9boutant l’un des co-emprunteurs d’une demande de nullit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La sanction des d\u00e9lais forclusifs en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’abord le respect du d\u00e9lai forclusif de deux ans pour agir en paiement. Il rappelle que ce d\u00e9lai court \u00e0 compter du premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9. L’examen de l’historique des comptes permet de dater pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement. L’assignation ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e avant l’expiration du d\u00e9lai, l’action est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e recevable. Cette application stricte prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur contre des actions tardives tout en s\u00e9curisant les proc\u00e9dures de recouvrement. La d\u00e9termination du point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai est donc une \u00e9tape proc\u00e9durale essentielle.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la mise en demeure pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme<\/p>\n

Le juge contr\u00f4le ensuite le respect des conditions de la clause r\u00e9solutoire. Il exige une mise en demeure mentionnant express\u00e9ment cette clause. La notification par lettre recommand\u00e9e avec accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception est jug\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re en la forme et au fond. Le juge rappelle que cette mise en demeure est opposable au conjoint cod\u00e9biteur solidaire. Cette solution assure la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance pour le cr\u00e9ancier. Elle garantit \u00e9galement que le d\u00e9biteur est inform\u00e9 des cons\u00e9quences de son inex\u00e9cution avant toute r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n

L’opacit\u00e9 contractuelle et le manquement aux obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le approfondi de la formation du contrat r\u00e9v\u00e8le des manquements graves. Le juge rel\u00e8ve une incoh\u00e9rence dans la qualification juridique de l’op\u00e9ration. Le contrat est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un pr\u00eat personnel simple alors qu’il s’agit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d’un regroupement de cr\u00e9dits. Cette contradiction g\u00e9n\u00e8re une opacit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle sur les droits des emprunteurs. Le pr\u00eateur ne produit pas non plus le contrat d’assurance souscrit, malgr\u00e9 le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d’une cotisation. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9montrent un d\u00e9faut de transparence pr\u00e9judiciable au consentement \u00e9clair\u00e9 des consommateurs.<\/p>\n

La sanction par la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats et la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 ces manquements, le juge ordonne une r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats sur la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats. Il combine les r\u00e8gles du cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation et celles sp\u00e9cifiques au regroupement. “Lorsque les cr\u00e9dits mentionn\u00e9s \u00e0 l’article L. 312-1 font l’objet d’une op\u00e9ration de cr\u00e9dit destin\u00e9e \u00e0 les regrouper, le nouveau contrat de cr\u00e9dit est soumis au chapitre II.” (Article L. 314-10 du code de la consommation). Le d\u00e9faut de remise de la fiche d’information sur le regroupement prive les emprunteurs d’un outil de comparaison essentiel. Cette sanction potentielle renforce l’obligation d’information du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

La distinction fondamentale entre co-emprunteur et caution<\/p>\n

Le juge rejette la demande de nullit\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur la disproportion de l’engagement. Il constate que la signataire a agi en qualit\u00e9 de co-emprunteur et non de caution. Une telle qualification contractuelle exclut l’application du r\u00e9gime protecteur de la caution. La demande est donc jug\u00e9e irrecevable en l’absence d’engagement distinct de cautionnement. Cette analyse rappelle l’importance de la qualification exacte des parties au contrat. Elle pr\u00e9vient toute tentative de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’un r\u00e9gime juridique non applicable \u00e0 la situation contractuelle r\u00e9elle.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans son contr\u00f4le rigoureux des obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles. Le juge utilise son pouvoir d’office pour \u00e9carter les pratiques opaques. “Le juge peut relever d’office toutes les dispositions du pr\u00e9sent code dans les litiges n\u00e9s de son application.” (Article R632-1 du Code de la consommation). Cette approche proactive prot\u00e8ge le consommateur contre les informations trompeuses. Elle rappelle que la transparence est une obligation de fond et non de forme. La r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats montre la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 potentielle des sanctions encourues.<\/p>\n

La valeur de ce jugement est de renforcer la loyaut\u00e9 des pratiques en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9dit. Il pr\u00e9cise les informations d\u00e9terminantes que le pr\u00eateur doit communiquer. Cette exigence rejoint la jurisprudence sur l’obligation pr\u00e9contractuelle d’information. “Ont une importance d\u00e9terminante les informations qui ont un lien direct et n\u00e9cessaire avec le contenu du contrat ou la qualit\u00e9 des parties.” (Cass. Premi\u00e8re chambre civile, le 9 septembre 2020, n\u00b019-14.568). La qualification exacte du cr\u00e9dit et ses implications financi\u00e8res sont de telles informations. Leur dissimulation ou leur ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 vicie le consentement de l’emprunteur.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision illustre enfin la rigueur proc\u00e9durale du juge des contentieux de la protection. Elle s\u00e9pare clairement les questions de recevabilit\u00e9, de fond et de qualification. Le sursis \u00e0 statuer sur les demandes de d\u00e9lais de paiement en est une manifestation. Le juge attend la fixation d\u00e9finitive de la cr\u00e9ance apr\u00e8s l’instruction compl\u00e9mentaire. Cette m\u00e9thode garantit une solution juste et proportionn\u00e9e au litige. Elle assure un \u00e9quilibre entre l’exigence de paiement du cr\u00e9ancier et la protection des droits du consommateur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection du tribunal judiciaire de Tarbes, par jugement du 1er juillet 2025, statue sur une action en paiement d’un \u00e9tablisse…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc292bb3454b98788ca772","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc292bb3454b98788ca772","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc292bb3454b98788ca772","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Tarbes","_kj_chambre":"JugeContentieuxProtection","_kj_rg":"24\/00744","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-655615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Tarbes, le 1 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/00744 - 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