{"id":655950,"date":"2026-04-23T06:31:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T04:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-07496\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T06:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T04:31:30","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-07496","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-07496\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 16 mai 2024, n\u00b024\/07496"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 16 mai 2024, a examin\u00e9 une demande d’indemnisation pour retard de vol. Des passagers assignaient une compagnie a\u00e9rienne en paiement au titre du r\u00e8glement europ\u00e9en n\u00b0261\/2004. Le d\u00e9fendeur ne comparaissant pas, le juge a statu\u00e9 sur le fond en appliquant l’article 472 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. La juridiction a accord\u00e9 l’indemnisation forfaitaire pour retard tout en rejetant la demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour r\u00e9sistance abusive.<\/p>\n

La cons\u00e9cration d’une pr\u00e9somption de pr\u00e9sence \u00e0 l’embarquement<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re un renversement de la charge de la preuve concernant l’enregistrement. En principe, il incombe au demandeur de prouver les faits n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 sa pr\u00e9tention selon l’article 1353 du code civil. Le passager devrait ainsi d\u00e9montrer sa pr\u00e9sence \u00e0 l’embarquement pour le vol retard\u00e9. Toutefois, la juridiction suit l’interpr\u00e9tation de la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne. “Des passagers d\u2019un vol retard\u00e9 de trois heures ou plus \u00e0 son arriv\u00e9e et poss\u00e9dant une r\u00e9servation confirm\u00e9e pour ce vol ne peuvent pas se voir refuser l\u2019indemnisation au seul motif qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas prouv\u00e9 leur pr\u00e9sence \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement” (Ordonnance C-756-18 du 24 octobre 2019). La charge de prouver que le passager n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transport\u00e9 p\u00e8se d\u00e9sormais sur la compagnie a\u00e9rienne. Cette solution facilite consid\u00e9rablement l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’indemnisation pour le consommateur. Elle d\u00e9place l’effort probatoire vers la partie qui d\u00e9tient les informations op\u00e9rationnelles. La valeur de cette analyse est renforc\u00e9e par son fondement dans le droit europ\u00e9en directement applicable.<\/p>\n

La fixation du montant de l’indemnit\u00e9 par la distance orthodromique<\/p>\n

Le tribunal d\u00e9termine avec pr\u00e9cision le montant d\u00fb en calculant la distance du vol. L’article 7 du r\u00e8glement pr\u00e9voit une indemnit\u00e9 de 400 euros pour les vols intracommunautaires de plus de 1 500 kilom\u00e8tres. La juridiction retient la m\u00e9thode de calcul impos\u00e9e par le texte europ\u00e9en. “Les distances indiqu\u00e9es aux paragraphes 1 et 2 sont mesur\u00e9es selon la m\u00e9thode de la route orthodromique” (Article 7, paragraphe 4, du r\u00e8glement n\u00b0261\/2004). En l’esp\u00e8ce, le trajet mesur\u00e9 de cette mani\u00e8re est de 1 542 kilom\u00e8tres. Le vol entre donc dans la cat\u00e9gorie des vols de plus de 1 500 kilom\u00e8tres. Le juge en d\u00e9duit l’application du forfait de 400 euros par passager. Cette application stricte du bar\u00e8me l\u00e9gal assure une pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 et une uniformit\u00e9 du traitement. La port\u00e9e de ce point est essentielle pour garantir l’effet utile du r\u00e8glement et son application identique dans tous les \u00c9tats membres. Elle rejoint la solution d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par d’autres juridictions sur le calcul du retard. “En cas de retard sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3 heures pour un vol de 1.500 kms au plus, chaque passager doit b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’une indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire de 250 \u20ac” (Tribunal judiciaire de Toulouse, le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/01063).<\/p>\n

Le rejet de l’indemnisation pour r\u00e9sistance abusive<\/p>\n

La juridiction \u00e9carte la demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats distincts pour mauvaise foi. Les demandeurs invoquaient l’article 1231-6 du code civil concernant la r\u00e9sistance abusive. Ce texte pr\u00e9voit une indemnisation pour le pr\u00e9judice caus\u00e9 par la mauvaise foi du d\u00e9biteur. Le juge estime que les requ\u00e9rants ne d\u00e9montrent pas l’existence d’un pr\u00e9judice autonome. Le pr\u00e9judice li\u00e9 au retard est d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9par\u00e9 par l’indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire et les int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires. Ces derniers courent \u00e0 compter du jour du jugement en vertu de l’article 1231-7 du code civil. Ainsi, aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment ne permet de caract\u00e9riser une faute particuli\u00e8re de la compagnie a\u00e9rienne. Cette analyse restrictive prot\u00e8ge le principe de l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e des obligations sans sur-indemnisation. Sa valeur r\u00e9side dans le strict respect des conditions l\u00e9gales requises pour obtenir des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats compl\u00e9mentaires. La port\u00e9e en est de cantonner l’indemnisation du passager aux seuls r\u00e9gimes sp\u00e9ciaux pr\u00e9vus par le droit europ\u00e9en.<\/p>\n

La confirmation du droit \u00e0 indemnisation en cas de d\u00e9faut de comparution<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision statue valablement au fond malgr\u00e9 l’absence de la partie d\u00e9fenderesse. L’article 472 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile permet au juge de trancher le litige en l’absence du d\u00e9fendeur. Le tribunal v\u00e9rifie n\u00e9anmoins le bien-fond\u00e9 de la demande pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par les passagers. Il constate que le vol a accus\u00e9 un retard sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 trois heures, en l’occurrence de quatre heures cinquante-cinq minutes. La compagnie a\u00e9rienne, en ne comparaissant pas, ne rapporte aucune preuve de circonstances extraordinaires. Elle ne peut donc invoquer l’exon\u00e9ration pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article 5, paragraphe 3, du r\u00e8glement. “Un transporteur a\u00e9rien effectif n’est pas tenu de verser l’indemnisation si l’annulation est due \u00e0 des circonstances extraordinaires” (Article 5, paragraphe 3, du r\u00e8glement n\u00b0261\/2004). Cette application assure la protection des passagers m\u00eame en proc\u00e9dure par d\u00e9faut. La valeur de cette position est de garantir l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 indemnisation ind\u00e9pendamment du comportement processuel du transporteur. Sa port\u00e9e pratique est consid\u00e9rable dans le contentieux de masse li\u00e9 au transport a\u00e9rien o\u00f9 les d\u00e9fauts sont fr\u00e9quents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 16 mai 2024, a examin\u00e9 une demande d’indemnisation pour retard de vol. 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