{"id":657331,"date":"2026-04-23T09:09:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T07:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n23-00660\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T09:09:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T07:09:15","slug":"cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n23-00660","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-30-septembre-2025-n23-00660\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00660"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel, statuant sur une demande en reconnaissance d’un droit de passage, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Les requ\u00e9rants, propri\u00e9taires d’une parcelle qu’ils estimaient enclav\u00e9e, avaient assign\u00e9 en premi\u00e8re instance un seul des deux propri\u00e9taires des fonds riverains. Le jugement ayant rejet\u00e9 leur demande, ils ont interjet\u00e9 appel, en intimant \u00e9galement l’\u00e9pouse du d\u00e9fendeur initial. La cour devait trancher la recevabilit\u00e9 de cet appel et, subsidiairement, le fond de l’action en servitude. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 irrecevable l’appel dirig\u00e9 contre l’\u00e9pouse et a jug\u00e9 irrecevable l’action au fond pour d\u00e9faut de mise en cause de tous les propri\u00e9taires concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale de l’appel et la nullit\u00e9 du jugement attaqu\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte d’embl\u00e9e les moyens tir\u00e9s de la forme du jugement d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle rappelle que les exigences de motivation sont satisfaites par le visa des conclusions. “La cour observe que si le jugement d\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 n’expose pas les pr\u00e9tentions respectives des parties et leurs moyens, fut-ce succinctement, il comporte cependant, outre la mention d’un renvoi aux derni\u00e8res conclusions des parties en l’\u00e9tat de la cl\u00f4ture de l’instruction, celle de la date du d\u00e9p\u00f4t au greffe des derni\u00e8res \u00e9critures de chacune des parties.” (Motifs, II) Le formalisme de l’article 455 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile est ainsi interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 avec souplesse, privil\u00e9giant la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la contradiction sur un formalisme excessif. La cour rejette \u00e9galement le grief de d\u00e9naturation, pr\u00e9cisant qu’il ne constitue pas une cause de nullit\u00e9. Cette analyse consolide la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des d\u00e9cisions en limitant les voies de nullit\u00e9 purement formelles.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’appel est ensuite strictement encadr\u00e9e par l’article 547 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. La cour souligne que l’appel ne peut \u00eatre dirig\u00e9 que contre les parties \u00e0 l’instance premi\u00e8re. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’\u00e9pouse du d\u00e9fendeur initial n’avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement constitu\u00e9e partie devant le premier juge. “La seule nomination de Mme [K] dans un jeu de conclusions par le conseil de son \u00e9poux ne peut r\u00e9gulariser l’intervention volontaire de quelque nature” (Motifs, I). Par cons\u00e9quent, l’appel la visant est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 irrecevable. Cette solution rappelle avec rigueur le principe de la contradiction et l’importance du formalisme de la mise en cause, prot\u00e9geant les tiers \u00e0 l’instance d’une condamnation par d\u00e9faut.<\/p>\n

Les conditions substantielles de l’action en servitude de passage<\/p>\n

Sur le fond, la cour examine la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action en reconnaissance d’un droit de passage fond\u00e9e sur l’enclave. Elle rappelle le principe cardinal de cette action, qui n\u00e9cessite la mise en cause de tous les propri\u00e9taires des fonds concern\u00e9s. “La cour rappelle que la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action en reconnaissance d’une servitude de passage est subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 la mise en cause des propri\u00e9taires de tous les fonds concern\u00e9s.” (Motifs, III) Ce principe proc\u00e9dural est une condition essentielle de l’action, visant \u00e0 garantir les droits de la d\u00e9fense et \u00e0 permettre une indemnisation compl\u00e8te du pr\u00e9judice subi.<\/p>\n

En l’esp\u00e8ce, cette condition n’est pas remplie. Les requ\u00e9rants n’ont assign\u00e9 qu’un seul des deux propri\u00e9taires des fonds riverains, sans r\u00e9gulariser la situation en appel. “Les appelants n’\u00e9tablissent pas que les fonds riverains de la parcelle enclav\u00e9s soient la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 exclusive de M. [K] et ce dernier ne conteste pas le droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de son \u00e9pouse sur ces terrains riverains.” (Motifs, III) D\u00e8s lors, l’action est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e irrecevable, sans qu’il soit besoin d’examiner le bien-fond\u00e9 de l’enclave. Cette d\u00e9cision affirme la nature strictement personnelle de l’action en servitude, qui doit \u00eatre dirig\u00e9e contre l’ensemble des titulaires du droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sur les fonds servant de support.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cet arr\u00eat est double. En proc\u00e9dure, il r\u00e9affirme l’intangibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles sur la qualit\u00e9 pour agir et \u00eatre attrait \u00e0 l’instance, tant en premi\u00e8re instance qu’en appel. Sur le fond du droit des servitudes, il souligne que la condition proc\u00e9durale de mise en cause de tous les propri\u00e9taires est une condition de recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action, dont la m\u00e9connaissance entra\u00eene une irrecevabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive. Cet arr\u00eat constitue ainsi un rappel salutaire \u00e0 la rigueur proc\u00e9durale, essentielle pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des d\u00e9cisions de justice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel, statuant sur une demande en reconnaissance d’un droit de passage, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Les requ\u00e9rants, propri\u00e9taires d’u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dce598137fb746f70f66c1","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dce598137fb746f70f66c1","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dce598137fb746f70f66c1","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Metz","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"23\/00660","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00660 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel, statuant sur une demande en reconnaissance d'un droit de passage, a rendu sa d\u00e9cision le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. 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