{"id":657793,"date":"2026-04-23T10:06:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T08:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-havre-le-29-septembre-2025-n23-00852\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T10:06:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T08:06:34","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-havre-le-29-septembre-2025-n23-00852","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-havre-le-29-septembre-2025-n23-00852\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Havre, le 29 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00852"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>Le Tribunal judiciaire du Havre, le 29 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en r\u00e9paration suite \u00e0 un accident de la circulation. Un v\u00e9hicule stationn\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 percut\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re par un autre v\u00e9hicule. Le propri\u00e9taire de la victime assigne le conducteur et son assureur en r\u00e9paration solidaire. L\u2019assureur conteste sa garantie en invoquant une fraude \u00e0 la souscription. Le tribunal doit trancher sur la responsabilit\u00e9 et la prise en charge assurantielle. Il rejette la demande dirig\u00e9e contre l\u2019assureur et condamne uniquement le conducteur.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tablissement incontest\u00e9 de la responsabilit\u00e9 du conducteur<\/p>\n<p>La qualification juridique du r\u00e9gime applicable est d\u2019abord pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e. Le juge \u00e9carte le droit commun de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile d\u00e9lictuelle. Il rappelle le champ d\u2019application exclusif de la loi du 5 juillet 1985. &#8220;L&#8217;indemnisation de la victime d&#8217;un accident de la circulation dans lequel est impliqu\u00e9 un v\u00e9hicule terrestre \u00e0 moteur ne peut \u00eatre fond\u00e9e que sur les dispositions de la loi n\u00b085-677 du 5 juillet 1985&#8221; (Motifs, Sur les responsabilit\u00e9s encourues). Cette solution rappelle le caract\u00e8re sp\u00e9cial et imp\u00e9ratif de ce texte protecteur des victimes. Elle en confirme le domaine, align\u00e9 sur une jurisprudence constante. &#8220;L\u2019article 1er de la loi n\u00b085-677 du 5 juillet 1985 pr\u00e9voit que ses \u201cdispositions s&#8217;appliquent, m\u00eame lorsqu&#8217;elles sont transport\u00e9es en vertu d&#8217;un contrat, aux victimes d&#8217;un accident de la circulation\u201d&#8221; (Tribunal judiciaire de Tours, le 19 juin 2025, n\u00b023\/02751). La responsabilit\u00e9 du conducteur est ensuite retenue sans difficult\u00e9. Les circonstances mat\u00e9rielles de l\u2019accident, \u00e9tablies par constat amiable, ne sont pas contest\u00e9es. Le v\u00e9hicule demandeur \u00e9tait \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat lorsqu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 heurt\u00e9. Le lien de causalit\u00e9 direct entre la faute de conduite et le choc est donc \u00e9tabli. Le conducteur est d\u00e8s lors d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme l\u2019auteur responsable devant indemniser int\u00e9gralement le propri\u00e9taire victime.<\/p>\n<p>La validation de la preuve des dommages par l\u2019expertise<\/p>\n<p>Le conducteur tente de contester le montant des r\u00e9parations invoqu\u00e9es. Il argue du d\u00e9faut de contradiction de l\u2019expertise et d\u2019une rupture du lien de causalit\u00e9. Le tribunal \u00e9carte ces moyens par une appr\u00e9ciation souveraine des preuves. Il admet la valeur probante du rapport d\u2019expertise unilat\u00e9ral. &#8220;L\u2019expertise peut donc \u00eatre retenue comme un moyen de preuve&#8221; (Motifs, Sur la nature des dommages). La charge de la preuve incombe ici \u00e0 celui qui conteste le rapport. En l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments techniques pr\u00e9cis produits pour l\u2019infirmer, le juge valide ses conclusions. Le lien de causalit\u00e9 est \u00e9galement retenu malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9lai de r\u00e9alisation. La localisation pr\u00e9cise des dommages correspond au point d\u2019impact d\u00e9crit initialement. Le tribunal estime donc que les d\u00e9sordres sont bien cons\u00e9cutifs au choc. Le montant d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des r\u00e9parations est ainsi accept\u00e9 comme justifi\u00e9. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9valuation du pr\u00e9judice mat\u00e9riel sont donc pleinement \u00e9tablies.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019absence de garantie de l\u2019assureur en cas de fraude<\/p>\n<p>La question centrale est celle de l\u2019engagement de la garantie assurantielle. L\u2019assureur produit des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour d\u00e9montrer une fraude. Il rapporte l\u2019attestation de son agent g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9taillant les faits. Celle-ci r\u00e9v\u00e8le une souscription effective \u00e0 10h28 et une demande de r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9. &#8220;L\u2019agent atteste que Monsieur [T] est rest\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 l\u2019agence jusqu\u2019au moins 10h32 le 11 juin 2019&#8221; (Motifs, Sur la garantie AXA). Le tribunal constate une modification de l\u2019heure sur le constat amiable. L\u2019heure initiale de 9h45 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ray\u00e9e au profit de 10 heures. Cette alt\u00e9ration co\u00efncide avec la demande de r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 du contrat. Le juge en d\u00e9duit l\u2019intention frauduleuse du conducteur. Il \u00e9carte l\u2019attestation de l\u2019AGIRA produite par la victime. Face \u00e0 la contestation fond\u00e9e de l\u2019assureur, ce document tiers ne peut pr\u00e9valoir. La fraude est ainsi caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un concours d\u2019indices graves et concordants. L\u2019assureur est donc l\u00e9gitimement mis hors de cause, n\u2019ayant pas assur\u00e9 le risque au moment pr\u00e9cis du sinistre.<\/p>\n<p>La sanction de la demande de condamnation solidaire<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9cision produit des cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales importantes sur la demande. La victime avait formul\u00e9 une demande en condamnation solidaire des deux d\u00e9fendeurs. Le tribunal ayant exon\u00e9r\u00e9 l\u2019assureur, cette modalit\u00e9 de condamnation devient impossible. &#8220;La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 MULTILEASE B.V n\u2019ayant demand\u00e9 qu\u2019une condamnation solidaire, elle est donc d\u00e9bout\u00e9e de l\u2019ensemble de ses demandes&#8221; (Motifs, Sur la garantie AXA). Le rejet global de la demande en r\u00e9sulte m\u00e9caniquement. Cette solution rappelle l\u2019importance de la formulation des pr\u00e9tentions. Une demande conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 la solidarit\u00e9 est indivisible. Elle \u00e9choue enti\u00e8rement si la solidarit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas retenue contre l\u2019un des cod\u00e9biteurs. La victime devra donc intenter une nouvelle action contre le seul conducteur. Le tribunal la condamne aux d\u00e9pens et rejette les demandes sur le fondement de l\u2019article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Cette d\u00e9cision prot\u00e8ge l\u2019assureur contre les man\u0153uvres frauduleuses de son assur\u00e9. Elle souligne que la preuve de la fraude peut \u00eatre rapport\u00e9e par tout moyen, y compris une attestation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Tribunal judiciaire du Havre, le 29 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en r\u00e9paration suite \u00e0 un accident de la circulation. Un v\u00e9hicule stationn\u00e9 a \u00e9t&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9553,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tribunal judiciaire de Havre, le 29 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00852 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal judiciaire du Havre, le 29 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en r\u00e9paration suite \u00e0 un accident de la circulation. 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