{"id":658786,"date":"2026-04-23T12:18:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T10:18:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-quentin-le-3-septembre-2025-n23-00183\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T12:18:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T10:18:15","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-quentin-le-3-septembre-2025-n23-00183","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-quentin-le-3-septembre-2025-n23-00183\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Quentin, le 3 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00183"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Quentin, le 3 septembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un immeuble. Apr\u00e8s une r\u00e9ception tacite des travaux, l’acqu\u00e9reur a constat\u00e9 un affaissement de la chape support de carrelage. L’expert judiciaire a imput\u00e9 ces d\u00e9sordres \u00e0 la compression excessive de la mousse polyur\u00e9thane. Le tribunal a retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale du constructeur ayant r\u00e9alis\u00e9 l’isolation et la chape. Il a \u00e9galement condamn\u00e9 son assureur \u00e0 garantir ce pr\u00e9judice. La d\u00e9cision a fix\u00e9 le montant de l’indemnisation pour les travaux de r\u00e9paration et les frais accessoires.<\/p>\n

La qualification d\u00e9cennale des d\u00e9sordres<\/p>\n

Le tribunal a d’abord caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 la nature d\u00e9cennale des d\u00e9sordres constat\u00e9s. Il rappelle que la garantie d\u00e9cennale ne couvre que les d\u00e9sordres cach\u00e9s lors de la r\u00e9ception. L’expert a \u00e9tabli que les d\u00e9sordres n’\u00e9taient pas apparents et n’avaient fait l’objet d’aucune r\u00e9serve. Ces d\u00e9sordres compromettent la solidit\u00e9 de l’ouvrage et le rendent impropre \u00e0 sa destination. Le tribunal applique donc strictement les conditions l\u00e9gales de l’article 1792 du code civil. “tout constructeur d’un ouvrage est responsable de plein droit, envers le ma\u00eetre ou l’acqu\u00e9reur de l’ouvrage, des dommages, m\u00eame r\u00e9sultant d’un vice du sol, qui compromettent la solidit\u00e9 de l’ouvrage ou qui, l’affectant dans l’un de ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs ou l’un de ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments d’\u00e9quipement, le rendent impropre \u00e0 sa destination.” (Motifs, \u00a71). Cette application confirme une jurisprudence constante sur le champ de la garantie d\u00e9cennale.<\/p>\n

Le juge a ensuite \u00e9cart\u00e9 toute cause d’exon\u00e9ration ou de partage de responsabilit\u00e9. L’assureur du constructeur invoquait une faute partag\u00e9e du ma\u00eetre de l’ouvrage lors de la pose du carrelage. Le rapport d’expertise a infirm\u00e9 ce lien de causalit\u00e9 en indiquant une continuit\u00e9 entre les fissures. “l’expert indique dans son rapport qu\u2019il existe une continuit\u00e9 entre la fissuration de la chape et des carreaux de carrelage et en conclut que le mode de pose du carrelage n\u2019est pas en cause.” (Motifs, \u00a71). La responsabilit\u00e9 du constructeur est ainsi retenue de mani\u00e8re pleine et enti\u00e8re. Cette solution affirme le principe d’une imputabilit\u00e9 exclusive fond\u00e9e sur la preuve technique. Elle prot\u00e8ge l’acqu\u00e9reur contre des demandes en partage souvent dilatoires.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime de la garantie d’assurance<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise ensuite les conditions de mise en oeuvre de la garantie d’assurance. L’assureur est tenu par son obligation de garantie d\u00e9cennale contract\u00e9e par le constructeur. L’attestation d’assurance couvre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l’activit\u00e9 de r\u00e9alisation de chapes et d’isolation. Le tribunal rappelle le principe du droit d’action directe du tiers l\u00e9s\u00e9 contre l’assureur. Il souligne \u00e9galement que l’assureur peut opposer les exclusions de garantie au souscripteur originaire. “l\u2019assureur de responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle est fond\u00e9 \u00e0 opposer aux tiers les clauses d\u2019exclusion ou de limitation de garantie opposable \u00e0 l\u2019assur\u00e9” (Motifs, \u00a72). En l’absence de clause d’exclusion invoqu\u00e9e, la garantie joue pleinement. Cette analyse s\u00e9curise la position du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de la garantie l\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n

Le jugement op\u00e8re une distinction cruciale concernant l’inopposabilit\u00e9 des franchises. Pour les dommages mat\u00e9riels couverts par l’assurance obligatoire, la franchise est inopposable au tiers l\u00e9s\u00e9. “en mati\u00e8re d’assurance obligatoire de la responsabilit\u00e9 du constructeur, la franchise pr\u00e9vue au contrat est inopposable au b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9.” (Motifs, \u00a73.a). En revanche, cette inopposabilit\u00e9 ne vaut pas pour les dommages immat\u00e9riels, comme les frais de relogement. La franchise contractuelle est donc d\u00e9duite de l’indemnit\u00e9 allou\u00e9e pour ce poste. Cette distinction est essentielle pour le calcul pr\u00e9cis de la r\u00e9paration. Elle respecte le cadre l\u00e9gal tout en appliquant strictement les termes du contrat d’assurance.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9paration int\u00e9grale du pr\u00e9judice<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9valuation des travaux n\u00e9cessaires constitue le dernier apport majeur de la d\u00e9cision. Le juge n’est pas li\u00e9 par les conclusions de l’expert et peut retenir les devis produits par la victime. Il \u00e9carte cependant les postes non justifi\u00e9s ou exc\u00e9dant le strict pr\u00e9judice subi. Les devis concernant la peinture et le nettoyage sont r\u00e9duits car ils portaient sur des surfaces trop vastes. Le poste pour impr\u00e9vus est rejet\u00e9 car il ne constitue pas un pr\u00e9judice actuel et certain. Le tribunal proc\u00e8de ainsi \u00e0 un r\u00e9examen complet et concret des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve. Il r\u00e9alise une synth\u00e8se entre l’expertise et les justifications apport\u00e9es par l’acqu\u00e9reur.<\/p>\n

Le refus d’indexer la somme allou\u00e9e sur un indice de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence m\u00e9rite \u00e9galement attention. Le demandeur sollicitait une indexation sur l’indice BT 01 \u00e0 la date du rapport d’expertise. Le tribunal rel\u00e8ve que le demandeur n’a pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 l’indice de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence initial. Surtout, la somme retenue pour les travaux est d\u00e9j\u00e0 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l’\u00e9valuation de l’expert. Il estime donc qu’une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation suppl\u00e9mentaire n’est pas justifi\u00e9e. Cette solution montre la marge d’appr\u00e9ciation du juge dans la fixation du pr\u00e9judice. Elle \u00e9vite une indemnisation excessive tout en r\u00e9parant int\u00e9gralement le dommage subi. La d\u00e9cision assure ainsi une r\u00e9paration \u00e9quitable et proportionn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Quentin, le 3 septembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un immeuble. Apr\u00e8s une r\u00e9ception tacit…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"69013db02481d356bd2ad031","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69013db02481d356bd2ad031","_kj_judilibre_id":"69013db02481d356bd2ad031","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Gap","_kj_chambre":"Ch1 Proc\u00e9dures Civiles","_kj_rg":"23\/00183","_kj_date":"2025-09-29","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-658786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Saint-Quentin, le 3 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00183 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Quentin, le 3 septembre 2025, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant un immeuble. 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