{"id":661213,"date":"2026-04-23T16:52:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-evry-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-01007\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T16:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T14:52:44","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-evry-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-01007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-evry-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-01007\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de \u00c9vry, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/01007"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement bancaire contre un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant. La demande portait sur le solde d’un compte courant d\u00e9biteur et sur deux pr\u00eats \u00e0 la consommation distincts. Le juge a d’abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 des actions au regard du d\u00e9lai de forclusion, puis a statu\u00e9 sur le droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats contractuels pour chaque cr\u00e9ance. La solution retenue aboutit \u00e0 une condamnation de l’emprunteur au remboursement des capitaux, assortie de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ances du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats pour le pr\u00eateur et d’une modulation des int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux.<\/p>\n

La v\u00e9rification d’office de la forclusion protectrice<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle le caract\u00e8re d’ordre public du d\u00e9lai de forclusion en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. Il rel\u00e8ve ainsi syst\u00e9matiquement cette fin de non-recevoir en application de l’article 125 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de deux ans est d\u00e9fini avec pr\u00e9cision par la loi, ce qui permet un contr\u00f4le rigoureux de la recevabilit\u00e9. “Les actions en paiement engag\u00e9es devant le juge des contentieux de la protection \u00e0 l’occasion de la d\u00e9faillance de l’emprunteur doivent \u00eatre form\u00e9es dans les deux ans de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement qui leur a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 peine de forclusion.” (Motifs, Sur le solde d\u00e9biteur de compte courant). Pour le compte courant, l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9clencheur est le d\u00e9passement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 apr\u00e8s trois mois, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article L. 312-93. Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive du point de d\u00e9part assure une protection effective de l’emprunteur contre des actions tardives. Elle rejoint la solution d’une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure qui soulignait d\u00e9j\u00e0 que l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement est “notamment caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par le premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9” (Cour d’appel, le 22 janvier 2025, n\u00b023\/12431). Le juge op\u00e8re donc une application stricte et protectrice des textes, garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique.<\/p>\n

La sanction des manquements aux obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles<\/p>\n

Le juge prononce la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats pour chaque pr\u00eat en raison de manquements graves du pr\u00eateur. Ces manquements concernent l’absence de preuve de la remise de documents essentiels comme le bordereau de r\u00e9tractation ou la notice d’assurance. La simple clause type ins\u00e9r\u00e9e dans le contrat ne vaut pas preuve et doit \u00eatre corrobor\u00e9e. “Un document qui \u00e9mane du seul pr\u00eateur ne peut utilement corroborer les mentions de cette clause type de l’offre de pr\u00eat.” (Motifs, Sur le pr\u00eat personnel du 3 mars 2023). Cette s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 s’\u00e9tend au d\u00e9couvert en compte, o\u00f9 le d\u00e9faut de proposition d’une offre de cr\u00e9dit alternatif apr\u00e8s trois mois entra\u00eene la perte des int\u00e9r\u00eats et frais. Cette solution est en parfaite conformit\u00e9 avec l’article L. 341-9 du code de la consommation, tel qu’appliqu\u00e9 par d’autres juridictions (Tribunal judiciaire de Bonneville, le 11 mars 2026, n\u00b025\/01527). La port\u00e9e de cette sanction est ainsi \u00e9tendue \u00e0 toutes les formes de cr\u00e9dit, renfor\u00e7ant les obligations d’information et de conseil du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

L’effectivit\u00e9 dissuasive de la sanction par la neutralisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux<\/p>\n

Pour garantir le caract\u00e8re effectif de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance, le juge neutralise partiellement ou totalement les int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux. Il applique directement la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne pour \u00e9carter le droit national lorsque celui-ci affaiblit la sanction. La juridiction compare les montants que le pr\u00eateur aurait per\u00e7us en cas de respect de ses obligations avec ceux qu’il percevrait apr\u00e8s d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance. “Si la sanction de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats se trouvait affaiblie, voire purement et simplement annihil\u00e9e, en raison du fait que l\u2019application des int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux l\u00e9gal major\u00e9 est susceptible de compenser les effets d\u2019une telle sanction, il en d\u00e9coulerait n\u00e9cessairement que celle-ci ne pr\u00e9sente pas un caract\u00e8re v\u00e9ritablement dissuasif” (Motifs, Sur le pr\u00eat personnel du 10 septembre 2020). En l’esp\u00e8ce, pour le premier pr\u00eat, le taux l\u00e9gal \u00e9tant proche du taux contractuel, le juge supprime tout int\u00e9r\u00eat, m\u00eame l\u00e9gal. Pour le second, le taux l\u00e9gal major\u00e9 \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieur au taux contractuel, il n’accorde que le taux l\u00e9gal simple. Cette approche concr\u00e8te et math\u00e9matique assure une sanction proportionn\u00e9e et dissuasive, donnant une pleine efficacit\u00e9 au droit europ\u00e9en d\u00e9riv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La quantification stricte de la cr\u00e9ance limit\u00e9e au capital<\/p>\n

La sanction de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats entra\u00eene une red\u00e9finition radicale de la cr\u00e9ance du pr\u00eateur. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article L. 341-8 du code de la consommation, la cr\u00e9ance se limite au seul capital restant d\u00fb, apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction des int\u00e9r\u00eats d\u00e9j\u00e0 pay\u00e9s. Le juge \u00e9carte syst\u00e9matiquement toute autre somme accessoire, comme les clauses p\u00e9nales ou les primes d’assurance. “La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance s\u2019\u00e9tend \u00e9galement aux primes ou cotisations d\u2019assurances, dont la privation n\u2019appara\u00eet pas excessive au regard des manquements du pr\u00eateur.” (Motifs, Sur le pr\u00eat personnel du 10 septembre 2020). Cette interpr\u00e9tation extensive de la sanction est remarquable, car elle prive le pr\u00eateur de toute r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration de son manquement, y compris pour des \u00e9l\u00e9ments contractuels distincts. La valeur de cette solution r\u00e9side dans son caract\u00e8re int\u00e9gral et dissuasif, visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir tout comportement n\u00e9gligent de la part des \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit. Elle place l’emprunteur dans une situation proche de celle d’un emprunt sans int\u00e9r\u00eat, r\u00e9affirmant la nature punitive et corrective de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement bancaire …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e95b513ea43407b910f765","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e95b513ea43407b910f765","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e95b513ea43407b910f765","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire d'\u00c9vry","_kj_chambre":"PPROX_FOND","_kj_rg":"25\/01007","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-661213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de \u00c9vry, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/01007 - 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