{"id":661575,"date":"2026-04-23T17:45:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-carpentras-le-27-mai-2025-n25-00797\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T17:45:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:45:00","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-carpentras-le-27-mai-2025-n25-00797","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-carpentras-le-27-mai-2025-n25-00797\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Carpentras, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/00797"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un jugement le 27 mai 2025. L\u2019affaire concernait le recouvrement d\u2019un cr\u00e9dit consenti \u00e0 un emprunteur devenu d\u00e9faillant. La juridiction a d\u2019abord examin\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019action avant de liquider la cr\u00e9ance. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l\u2019action recevable et a condamn\u00e9 l\u2019emprunteur au paiement d\u2019une somme dont le montant a \u00e9t\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9 par le juge.<\/p>\n<p>La recevabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019action en recouvrement<\/p>\n<p>Le respect du d\u00e9lai forclusif de l\u2019article R. 312-35. Le juge a d\u2019abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 que l\u2019action n\u2019\u00e9tait pas forclose. L\u2019article R. 312-35 du code de la consommation impose un d\u00e9lai de deux ans. Ce d\u00e9lai court \u00e0 compter de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de l\u2019action en paiement. La demande a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite le 27 mai 2025 suite \u00e0 un incident de paiement du 5 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Le tribunal a donc d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la demande recevable, le d\u00e9lai n\u2019\u00e9tant pas expir\u00e9. Cette solution rappelle que la forclusion est une fin de non-recevoir d\u2019ordre public. Le juge doit la relever d\u2019office pour prot\u00e9ger l\u2019emprunteur. Une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente confirme cette approche rigoureuse. &#8220;Au regard des pi\u00e8ces produites aux d\u00e9bats, en particulier le contrat et l\u2019historique de compte, il appara\u00eet que la pr\u00e9sente action a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e avant l\u2019expiration d\u2019un d\u00e9lai de deux ann\u00e9es \u00e0 compter du premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9, fix\u00e9 au 15 ao\u00fbt 2023. L\u2019action de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 CA CONSUMER FINANCE n\u2019est donc pas forclose et doit \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e recevable.&#8221; (Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Brieuc, le 15 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00033)<\/p>\n<p>La liquidation de la cr\u00e9ance et le pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur du juge<\/p>\n<p>La composition l\u00e9gale de la cr\u00e9ance en cas de d\u00e9faillance. Sur le fond, le tribunal a rappel\u00e9 le r\u00e9gime de l\u2019article L. 312-39 du code de la consommation. En cas de d\u00e9faillance, le pr\u00eateur peut exiger le capital restant d\u00fb et les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9chus. Les sommes produisent des int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard au taux contractuel jusqu\u2019au paiement. Une indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9vue par l\u2019article D. 312-16. Elle est \u00e9gale \u00e0 huit pour cent du capital restant d\u00fb \u00e0 la date de la d\u00e9faillance. Le juge a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que ces dispositions sont d\u2019ordre public. Il doit donc v\u00e9rifier que les sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es n\u2019exc\u00e8dent pas le cadre l\u00e9gal. Cette v\u00e9rification prot\u00e8ge l\u2019emprunteur contre des exigences disproportionn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9duction d\u2019office de la clause p\u00e9nale manifestement excessive. Le tribunal a exerc\u00e9 son pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur sur l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019article 1231-5 du code civil, il a r\u00e9duit cette clause p\u00e9nale. Le montant initial n\u2019est pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 ramen\u00e9 \u00e0 138,36 euros. Le juge agit m\u00eame d\u2019office lorsque la p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 est manifestement excessive. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre le contr\u00f4le substantiel exerc\u00e9 par le juge sur les sanctions contractuelles. La Cour d\u2019appel de Paris rappelle ce principe dans une affaire similaire. &#8220;Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l&#8217;article 1231-5 du code civil, le juge peut, m\u00eame d&#8217;office, mod\u00e9rer ou augmenter le montant de la clause p\u00e9nale s&#8217;il est manifestement excessif ou d\u00e9risoire. Et il est de jurisprudence constante qu&#8217;il rel\u00e8ve du pouvoir d&#8217;appr\u00e9ciation du juge-commissaire de r\u00e9duire une clause p\u00e9nale manifestement excessive.&#8221; (Cour d&#8217;appel de Paris, le 9 janvier 2025, n\u00b023\/16727) Le juge du fond op\u00e8re ainsi une conciliation entre la sanction l\u00e9gale et l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un jugement le 27 mai 2025. L\u2019affaire concernait le recouvrement d\u2019un cr\u00e9dit consenti \u00e0 un emprun&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d59b47876d446c8f4985cd","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d59b47876d446c8f4985cd","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d59b47876d446c8f4985cd","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Carpentras","_kj_chambre":"CONT INF 10000 EUROS -JCP","_kj_rg":"25\/00797","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-661575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tribunal judiciaire de Carpentras, le 27 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/00797 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un jugement le 27 mai 2025. 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