{"id":662834,"date":"2026-04-23T20:11:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-7-mars-2025-n19-01618\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T20:11:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:11:52","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-7-mars-2025-n19-01618","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-7-mars-2025-n19-01618\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 7 mars 2025, n\u00b019\/01618"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 7 mars 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par une famille de deux enfants atteints de troubles neurod\u00e9veloppementaux et de malformations. Ces troubles sont imput\u00e9s \u00e0 leur exposition in utero \u00e0 un m\u00e9dicament anti\u00e9pileptique pris par leur m\u00e8re. Les demandeurs ont assign\u00e9 le laboratoire producteur et son assureur en responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des produits d\u00e9fectueux. Le tribunal a d’abord rejet\u00e9 les exceptions de proc\u00e9dure soulev\u00e9es par les d\u00e9fendeurs. Il a ensuite retenu la responsabilit\u00e9 du producteur en constatant un d\u00e9faut extrins\u00e8que du m\u00e9dicament. La d\u00e9cision a fix\u00e9 une perte de chance \u00e0 quatre-vingts pour cent et ordonn\u00e9 une expertise pour \u00e9valuer les pr\u00e9judices.<\/p>\n

La cons\u00e9cration d’un droit d’acc\u00e8s effectif au juge<\/p>\n

Le tribunal \u00e9carte d’abord l’extinction d\u00e9cennale de la responsabilit\u00e9 du producteur. Le d\u00e9lai de dix ans pr\u00e9vu par l’article 1245-15 du code civil est un d\u00e9lai absolu et uniforme. Il court \u00e0 compter de la mise en circulation du produit ayant caus\u00e9 le dommage. La Cour de justice a jug\u00e9 que ce d\u00e9lai ne peut \u00eatre interrompu que par une action contre le producteur. “Il en r\u00e9sulte que le d\u00e9lai extinctif de dix ans peut uniquement \u00eatre interrompu par une action en justice dirig\u00e9e contre le producteur” (CJUE, 2 d\u00e9cembre 2009, Aventis Pasteur SA). En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’action contre le producteur est intervenue apr\u00e8s l’expiration de ce d\u00e9lai. Le tribunal constate pourtant que l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des victimes n’\u00e9tait pas consolid\u00e9 \u00e0 cette date. Elles ne pouvaient donc pas \u00e9valuer pleinement leur pr\u00e9judice pour agir en justice. Le tribunal applique alors la jurisprudence de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l’homme. Celle-ci estime qu’un d\u00e9lai d’action inconditionnel peut porter atteinte au droit d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un tribunal. “Le droit \u00e0 un tribunal est en cause lorsque l\u2019action en r\u00e9paration d\u2019une victime d\u2019atteinte \u00e0 son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique se heurte \u00e0 la prescription avant qu\u2019elle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 effectivement en mesure d\u2019\u00e9valuer son pr\u00e9judice” (CEDH, 13 f\u00e9vrier 2020, Sanofi Pasteur). Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit que l’application stricte du d\u00e9lai serait disproportionn\u00e9e. Elle porterait atteinte \u00e0 la substance m\u00eame du droit d’acc\u00e8s garanti par l’article 47 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge les victimes de pathologies \u00e9volutives non consolid\u00e9es. Elle assure une effectivit\u00e9 concr\u00e8te de leur droit \u00e0 un recours juridictionnel. Le juge national op\u00e8re ainsi un contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9 des limitations temporelles. Il concilie le droit de l’Union avec les droits fondamentaux des justiciables.<\/p>\n

La confirmation d’un d\u00e9faut d’information constitutif de d\u00e9fectuosit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le tribunal retient ensuite la d\u00e9fectuosit\u00e9 extrins\u00e8que du m\u00e9dicament anti\u00e9pileptique. Un produit est d\u00e9fectueux lorsqu’il n’offre pas la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 l\u00e9gitimement attendue. L’appr\u00e9ciation de cette s\u00e9curit\u00e9 doit tenir compte de toutes les circonstances. La notice destin\u00e9e aux patients est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel de la pr\u00e9sentation du produit. Le tribunal rappelle la jurisprudence constante de la Cour de cassation sur ce point. “La pr\u00e9sentation d’un m\u00e9dicament, dans la notice destin\u00e9e aux patients, qui ne contient pas l’information selon laquelle, parmi les effets ind\u00e9sirables possibles du m\u00e9dicament, il existait un risque t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne d’une particuli\u00e8re gravit\u00e9, permet de d\u00e9duire que ce produit n’offrait pas la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 laquelle on pouvait l\u00e9gitimement s’attendre” (Cass. Premi\u00e8re chambre civile, le 27 novembre 2019, n\u00b018-16.537). En l’esp\u00e8ce, la notice en vigueur pendant les grossesses ne mentionnait aucun risque t\u00e9ratog\u00e8ne ou foetopathique. Elle se contentait d’une invitation g\u00e9n\u00e9rique \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir le m\u00e9decin en cas de d\u00e9sir de grossesse. Or, de nombreuses donn\u00e9es scientifiques signalaient ces risques graves d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990. Le tribunal \u00e9carte l’exon\u00e9ration pour risque de d\u00e9veloppement invoqu\u00e9e par le laboratoire. L’\u00e9tat des connaissances objectives permettait de d\u00e9celer l’existence de ces risques. Le d\u00e9faut d’information dans la notice destin\u00e9e aux patients est donc \u00e9tabli. Il prive les patientes de la possibilit\u00e9 d’un consentement \u00e9clair\u00e9 \u00e0 la prise du traitement. Cette solution renforce l’obligation d’information du producteur de m\u00e9dicaments. Elle reconna\u00eet la notice patient comme le vecteur principal et certain d’information du public. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 l\u00e9gitimement attendue est particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9e pour les produits de sant\u00e9. Le tribunal pr\u00e9cise que l’intervention d’un m\u00e9decin prescripteur ne modifie pas cette obligation. Le producteur ne peut s’exon\u00e9rer en invoquant le r\u00f4le d’information d\u00e9volu au praticien. Cette analyse garantit une protection effective des patients consommateurs de m\u00e9dicaments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 7 mars 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi par une famille de deux enfants atteints de troubles neurod\u00e9veloppementaux et de malfor…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4774,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d59acc876d446c8f497e69","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d59acc876d446c8f497e69","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d59acc876d446c8f497e69","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Nanterre","_kj_chambre":"2\u00e8me Chambre","_kj_rg":"19\/01618","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-662834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 7 mars 2025, n\u00b019\/01618 - 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