{"id":663419,"date":"2026-04-23T21:07:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-10-janvier-2025-n25-00009\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T21:07:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:07:08","slug":"cour-dappel-le-10-janvier-2025-n25-00009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-10-janvier-2025-n25-00009\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 10 janvier 2025, n\u00b025\/00009"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, a rendu un arr\u00eat le 10 janvier 2025. Elle se prononce sur la recevabilit\u00e9 d’un appel et sur la mauvaise foi d’une d\u00e9bitrice. La juridiction confirme le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance ayant d\u00e9chu cette derni\u00e8re du b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de la proc\u00e9dure. Elle estime que des informations erron\u00e9es sur un nouveau cr\u00e9dit caract\u00e9risent une faute proc\u00e9durale.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’appel malgr\u00e9 un d\u00e9faut de notification<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte un vice de proc\u00e9dure potentiel pour assurer l’exercice des voies de recours. Le d\u00e9lai d’appel en mati\u00e8re de surendettement est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 quinze jours par l’article R.713-7 du code de la consommation. L’arr\u00eat rappelle que cette voie de recours est “form\u00e9, instruit et jug\u00e9 selon les r\u00e8gles de la proc\u00e9dure sans repr\u00e9sentation obligatoire” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le greffe n’a pu produire l’accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception de la notification du jugement premier. L’appel est n\u00e9anmoins d\u00e9clar\u00e9 recevable en l’absence de preuve contraire. Cette solution pr\u00e9serve le droit au recours en cas d’incertitude sur la notification. Elle \u00e9vite une sanction disproportionn\u00e9e pour le justiciable diligent. La cour applique ainsi strictement les exigences probatoires pesant sur l’administration.<\/p>\n

La bonne foi du d\u00e9biteur, une condition substantielle et proc\u00e9durale<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle le caract\u00e8re fondamental de la bonne foi dans la proc\u00e9dure de surendettement. L’article L.711-1 du code de la consommation subordonne la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande \u00e0 cette condition. La bonne foi est d\u00e9finie n\u00e9gativement comme “une absence de mauvaise foi” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se sur le cr\u00e9ancier qui doit d\u00e9montrer la mauvaise foi. La jurisprudence pr\u00e9cise que “la simple imprudence ou impr\u00e9voyance n’est pas constitutive de mauvaise foi” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La n\u00e9gligence seule est insuffisante sans conscience de nuire aux cr\u00e9anciers. Cette interpr\u00e9tation protectrice du d\u00e9biteur est constante en la mati\u00e8re. Elle s’applique \u00e0 la phase d’endettement comme au d\u00e9roulement de l’instance. Le juge doit se d\u00e9terminer au jour o\u00f9 il statue sur l’ensemble du comportement.<\/p>\n

La sanction d’une mauvaise foi proc\u00e9durale par la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00eat d\u00e9taille les agissements constitutifs d’une mauvaise foi proc\u00e9durale sanctionnable. L’article L.761-1 du code de la consommation vise notamment le fait d’avoir “sciemment fait de fausses d\u00e9clarations” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Il sanctionne aussi l’aggravation de l’endettement sans accord pendant la proc\u00e9dure. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la d\u00e9bitrice a souscrit un nouveau cr\u00e9dit pour une formation on\u00e9reuse. Elle avait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ce financement comme une avance sans frais de sa banque. Les relev\u00e9s de compte d\u00e9montrent l’existence d’un pr\u00eat personnel avec int\u00e9r\u00eats. La cour rel\u00e8ve que la d\u00e9bitrice “a donn\u00e9 des informations erron\u00e9es en premi\u00e8re instance” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment caract\u00e9rise sa mauvaise foi au sens de l’article L.761-1. La formation n’\u00e9tait pas obligatoire et son suivi n’est pas \u00e9tabli. La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance prononc\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re instance est donc confirm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat renforce l’exigence de sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale. La bonne foi n’est pas seulement une condition initiale de recevabilit\u00e9. Elle constitue une obligation de comportement loyal durant toute l’instance. Toute dissimulation ou fausse d\u00e9claration peut entra\u00eener la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance. La solution aligne le droit du surendettement sur les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux du proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable. Elle rappelle que la protection du d\u00e9biteur ne couvre pas les agissements frauduleux. La cour op\u00e8re une conciliation entre l’objectif de traitement des situations difficiles. Elle pr\u00e9serve \u00e9galement les droits des cr\u00e9anciers contre les abus de proc\u00e9dure. Cet \u00e9quilibre est essentiel \u00e0 la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du dispositif de surendettement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, a rendu un arr\u00eat le 10 janvier 2025. Elle se prononce sur la recevabilit\u00e9 d’un appel et sur la mauvai…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d622c12dc9e6b62770a895","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d622c12dc9e6b62770a895","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d622c12dc9e6b62770a895","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 4 - Chambre 9 - B","_kj_rg":"25\/00009","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 10 janvier 2025, n\u00b025\/00009 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, a rendu un arr\u00eat le 10 janvier 2025. 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