{"id":663957,"date":"2026-04-23T21:55:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-19-decembre-2024-n24-01713\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T21:15:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:15:36","slug":"cour-dappel-le-19-decembre-2024-n24-01713","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-19-decembre-2024-n24-01713\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b024\/01713"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un pourvoi contre un jugement ouvrant une proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire<\/a>. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mise en cause contestait son \u00e9tat de cessation des paiements, invoquant un moratoire respect\u00e9 et une dette apur\u00e9e avant le jugement. La cour a infirm\u00e9 le jugement pour absence de cessation des paiements et rejet\u00e9 la demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats form\u00e9e contre le cr\u00e9ancier initiateur.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation de la cessation des paiements<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation de l’\u00e9tat de cessation des paiements. La cour rappelle le fondement l\u00e9gal de l’ouverture d’une proc\u00e9dure collective<\/a>. Selon l’article L631-1 du code de commerce, elle est ouverte au d\u00e9biteur “qui, dans l’impossibilit\u00e9 de faire face au passif exigible avec son actif disponible, est en cessation des paiements”. La cour v\u00e9rifie la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de cette impossibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la date o\u00f9 elle statue. Elle constate ici que les parties avaient mis en place un moratoire et que la dette unique \u00e9tait r\u00e9gl\u00e9e avant l’audience. Il s’ensuit que l’\u00e9tat de cessation de paiement de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n’est pas caract\u00e9ris\u00e9. Cette solution rappelle que la condition est appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e in concreto \u00e0 la date du jugement.<\/p>\n

L’incidence des moratoires et de l’apurement des dettes. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les effets d’un accord entre le d\u00e9biteur et son cr\u00e9ancier. La cour rel\u00e8ve que le moratoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 parfaitement respect\u00e9 et que la cr\u00e9ance \u00e9tait sold\u00e9e. Elle ajoute qu’il n’est pas \u00e9tabli que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a d’autres dettes qu’elle ne peut honorer. L’existence d’une seule dette temporairement impay\u00e9e ne suffit donc pas \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser l’\u00e9tat de cessation. Cette analyse rejoint une jurisprudence constante sur l’appr\u00e9ciation globale du passif exigible. “L’article L. 631-1 du code de commerce d\u00e9finit l’\u00e9tat de cessation des paiements comme l’impossibilit\u00e9 pour le d\u00e9biteur de faire face au passif exigible avec son actif disponible” (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 27 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/03715). La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est de souligner la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une appr\u00e9ciation dynamique et actualis\u00e9e de la situation du d\u00e9biteur.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 du cr\u00e9ancier initiateur<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une faute et d’un pr\u00e9judice certain. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9bout\u00e9e r\u00e9clamait r\u00e9paration pour la proc\u00e9dure ouverte \u00e0 tort. La cour examine successivement les conditions de la responsabilit\u00e9. Elle constate d’abord une n\u00e9gligence partag\u00e9e, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne s’\u00e9tant pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 l’audience pour signaler le moratoire. Elle rel\u00e8ve ensuite l’absence de pr\u00e9judice d\u00e9montr\u00e9. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 CKL Habitat ne justifie d’aucun frais qu’elle a d\u00fb supporter ni d’aucune d\u00e9marche aupr\u00e8s des fournisseurs ou clients. L’absence de l’un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs du d\u00e9lit fait obstacle \u00e0 l’indemnisation. Cette analyse est classique et prot\u00e8ge le droit d’agir en justice du cr\u00e9ancier.<\/p>\n

L’exercice non abusif des voies de droit. La cour \u00e9carte l’id\u00e9e d’une faute dans l’initiative de la proc\u00e9dure. Elle note que le cr\u00e9ancier a rapidement inform\u00e9 le mandataire judiciaire de l’apurement et n’a pas fait obstacle \u00e0 la suspension de l’ex\u00e9cution. Son comportement n’est pas d\u00e9loyal. Cette solution rejoint le principe de libert\u00e9 de l’action en justice, sauf abus d\u00e9montr\u00e9. “Dans un tel contexte, alors que sa cr\u00e9ance augmentait, la cour estime que [la cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re] n’a pas non plus abus\u00e9 de ses droits en d\u00e9posant une requ\u00eate” (Cour d’appel, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b021\/01909). La valeur de l’arr\u00eat est de rappeler que la bonne foi et la c\u00e9l\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gularisation suffisent \u00e0 exon\u00e9rer le cr\u00e9ancier.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9finitive, cet arr\u00eat rappelle avec rigueur les conditions de l’ouverture d’une proc\u00e9dure collective. Il affirme que l’appr\u00e9ciation de la cessation des paiements doit \u00eatre concr\u00e8te et actualis\u00e9e. Il prot\u00e8ge \u00e9galement le droit d’agir en justice des cr\u00e9anciers en exigeant la preuve d’une faute et d’un pr\u00e9judice certains pour engager leur responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un pourvoi contre un jugement ouvrant une proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mise…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d6278b6cdb0f9ad73468c5","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d6278b6cdb0f9ad73468c5","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d6278b6cdb0f9ad73468c5","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Caen","_kj_chambre":"2\u00e8me Chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/01713","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7096,35581,7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-code-des-assurances","category-droit-des-affaires","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, n\u00b024\/01713 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel, statuant le 19 d\u00e9cembre 2024, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d'un pourvoi contre un jugement ouvrant une proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire. 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