{"id":663977,"date":"2026-04-23T21:59:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-12904\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T21:59:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:59:24","slug":"cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-12904","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-rouen-le-3-juillet-2025-n24-12904\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/12904"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, statue sur un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement ayant rejet\u00e9 une action en paiement d’un cr\u00e9dit. Le premier juge avait estim\u00e9 que l’\u00e9tablissement financier ne justifiait pas de la signature \u00e9lectronique s\u00e9curis\u00e9e de l’offre par l’emprunteur, absent \u00e0 l’audience. La Cour d’appel devait d\u00e9terminer si le juge avait exc\u00e9d\u00e9 ses pouvoirs en soulevant ce moyen d’office et si la preuve de l’obligation \u00e9tait rapport\u00e9e. Elle infirme le jugement et condamne l’emprunteur au paiement des sommes dues.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le du juge sur la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la demande<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tendue des pouvoirs du juge en l’absence de comparution
\nL’appelante contestait la facult\u00e9 pour le juge de soulever d’office un moyen \u00e9tranger au code de la consommation. La cour rappelle les principes directeurs du proc\u00e8s civil. Selon l’article 472 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, si le d\u00e9fendeur ne compara\u00eet pas, il est n\u00e9anmoins statu\u00e9 sur le fond. Le juge ne fait droit \u00e0 la demande que dans la mesure o\u00f9 il l’estime r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, recevable et bien fond\u00e9e. Cette disposition conf\u00e8re au juge un pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d’appr\u00e9ciation des \u00e9l\u00e9ments produits. Il doit v\u00e9rifier que les conditions d’application des textes invoqu\u00e9s sont remplies. La signature du contrat fait partie int\u00e9grante des \u00e9l\u00e9ments soumis aux d\u00e9bats. Le juge exerce ainsi un contr\u00f4le de la recevabilit\u00e9 et du bien-fond\u00e9 de la demande.<\/p>\n

La distinction entre v\u00e9rification d’office et analyse des pi\u00e8ces
\nLa cour op\u00e8re une distinction essentielle pour rejeter le moyen. Elle estime que le premier juge n’a pas proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 une v\u00e9rification de signature au sens de l’article 287. Il a simplement constat\u00e9 l’insuffisance des pi\u00e8ces justificatives produites. “C’est donc en proc\u00e9dant \u00e0 une analyse des pi\u00e8ces soumises aux d\u00e9bats que le premier juge a rejet\u00e9 la demande en paiement, sans exc\u00e9der ses pouvoirs.” (Cour d’appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/03166). Cette analyse rel\u00e8ve de son office, particuli\u00e8rement en l’absence de comparution. La solution affirme l’autonomie du juge dans l’examen probatoire. Elle renforce sa mission de garantie contre les demandes insuffisamment \u00e9tay\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’apport de la preuve de l’obligation contractuelle<\/p>\n

La force probante de la signature \u00e9lectronique qualifi\u00e9e
\nLa cour examine ensuite les pi\u00e8ces produites en appel pour \u00e9tablir l’obligation. Elle rappelle le r\u00e9gime probatoire de l’\u00e9crit et de la signature \u00e9lectronique. L’article 1367 alin\u00e9a 2 du code civil dispose que la fiabilit\u00e9 du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e lorsqu’il est cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans des conditions fix\u00e9es par d\u00e9cret. Le d\u00e9cret de 2017 pr\u00e9voit cette pr\u00e9somption pour la signature \u00e9lectronique qualifi\u00e9e. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’appelante produit une attestation de signature \u00e9lectronique \u00e9tablie par un prestataire de service de confiance. Elle communique \u00e9galement le fichier de preuve avec la chronologie compl\u00e8te de la transaction. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments permettent d’identifier le signataire et de garantir l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de l’acte.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9monstration suffisante de la conclusion du contrat
\nLa cour constate que les pi\u00e8ces nouvelles apportent la preuve manquante en premi\u00e8re instance. “Il en r\u00e9sulte suffisamment que dans le cadre de la transaction 02021110200798144892605449002, M. [Z] a appos\u00e9 sa signature \u00e9lectronique le 2 novembre 2021 \u00e0 compter de 14 heures 29 minutes et 45 secondes sur l’offre de cr\u00e9dit.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment ne vient contredire la pr\u00e9somption de fiabilit\u00e9 du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 utilis\u00e9. L’historique de compte atteste du d\u00e9blocage des fonds et du pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement initial des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances. La cour en d\u00e9duit que l’obligation est suffisamment \u00e9tablie. Cette analyse rejoint celle d’une autre juridiction sur un point de droit similaire. “Il ressort suffisamment que dans le cadre de la transaction […] l’emprunteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 par l’envoi d’un code par SMS.” (Cour d’appel de Metz, le 14 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b024\/00268). La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les exigences probatoires pour les contrats \u00e9lectroniques.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat illustre l’\u00e9quilibre entre les pouvoirs du juge et les exigences de la preuve. Il confirme l’\u00e9tendue du contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 sur les demandes en l’absence de d\u00e9fense. La cour valide le rejet initial fond\u00e9 sur une production documentaire insuffisante. Elle d\u00e9montre ensuite la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9gulariser cette preuve en appel par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants. La solution s\u00e9curise ainsi la force ex\u00e9cutoire des contrats sous forme \u00e9lectronique. Elle exige des cr\u00e9anciers une documentation compl\u00e8te et fiable des processus de signature. La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est significative pour la pratique des institutions financi\u00e8res. Elle les incite \u00e0 conserver et \u00e0 produire l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des preuves techniques de la transaction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, statue sur un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement ayant rejet\u00e9 une action en paiement d’un cr\u00e9dit. Le premier juge …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d621a3fd95ebd9ab3855ce","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d621a3fd95ebd9ab3855ce","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d621a3fd95ebd9ab3855ce","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 4 - Chambre 9 - A","_kj_rg":"24\/12904","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/12904 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Rouen, le 3 juillet 2025, statue sur un pourvoi form\u00e9 contre un jugement ayant rejet\u00e9 une action en paiement d'un cr\u00e9dit. 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