{"id":665401,"date":"2026-04-23T23:45:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-00652-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T23:45:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:45:17","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-00652-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-00652-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00652"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re sociale, a rendu un jugement le 24 septembre 2025. L\u2019affaire concernait l\u2019opposition d\u2019une assur\u00e9e \u00e0 une contrainte \u00e9mise par une caisse primaire pour recouvrer des indemnit\u00e9s journali\u00e8res vers\u00e9es ind\u00fbment. La juridiction a d\u2019abord d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l\u2019opposition recevable avant d\u2019en examiner le fond. Elle a finalement valid\u00e9 la contrainte et condamn\u00e9 l\u2019assur\u00e9e au paiement du reliquat de la somme r\u00e9clam\u00e9e, tout en rejetant sa demande en responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle de la proc\u00e9dure de recouvrement<\/p>\n

L\u2019exigence d\u2019une mise en demeure pr\u00e9alable r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Le tribunal rappelle le principe selon lequel la contrainte doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d\u2019une mise en demeure notifi\u00e9e au d\u00e9biteur. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, l\u2019assur\u00e9e contestait avoir re\u00e7u cette mise en demeure, invoquant un changement d\u2019adresse. La juridiction a cependant consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que la notification \u00e9tait r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Elle s\u2019est fond\u00e9e sur la production par la caisse de l\u2019accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception de la lettre recommand\u00e9e, portant l\u2019adresse utilis\u00e9e et la mention “pli avis\u00e9 non r\u00e9clam\u00e9”. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments justificatifs \u00e9tablissent que Madame [R] a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue destinataire de la mise en demeure r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement notifi\u00e9e et que la proc\u00e9dure est r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). Cette solution affirme une pr\u00e9somption de d\u00e9livrance du courrier d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 avis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019adresse connue de l\u2019organisme. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence constante sur la notification, comme l\u2019illustre un arr\u00eat de la Cour d\u2019appel de Toulouse. “D\u00e8s lors que cette mise en demeure a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement notifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l’adresse de M. [E] [O] , avec avis de passage d\u00fbment d\u00e9pos\u00e9, celui-ci ne saurait invoquer l’absence de retrait du pli par ses soins pour pr\u00e9tendre que cette lettre ne lui aurait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e.” (Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 18 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00066). La port\u00e9e de ce point est essentielle pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des proc\u00e9dures de recouvrement, limitant les contestations fond\u00e9es sur le seul d\u00e9faut de retrait du pli par le destinataire.<\/p>\n

L\u2019absence de pouvoir du juge de l\u2019opposition sur les modalit\u00e9s de paiement. Le tribunal a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d\u2019une demande subsidiaire de remise ou d\u2019effacement de la dette au titre de la situation pr\u00e9caire de l\u2019assur\u00e9e. Il a rappel\u00e9 avec fermet\u00e9 les limites de son office en cette mati\u00e8re. Il convient d’inviter celle-ci \u00e0 formuler toute demande de d\u00e9lai et\/ou de remise de dette aupr\u00e8s du directeur de l’organisme, \u00e9tant pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que le p\u00f4le social du tribunal judiciaire, saisi d’une opposition \u00e0 contrainte, n’a pas le pouvoir d’accorder au d\u00e9biteur des d\u00e9lais de paiement ni de remise de dette. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). Cette pr\u00e9cision a une valeur institutionnelle importante. Elle d\u00e9limite strictement le contr\u00f4le du juge de l\u2019opposition, cantonn\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 et au bien-fond\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance. La demande de gr\u00e2ce ou d\u2019\u00e9talement rel\u00e8ve ainsi d\u2019une voie administrative distincte, pr\u00e9servant la s\u00e9paration des fonctions.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le du bien-fond\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance et le rejet des demandes accessoires<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tablissement certain du paiement indu par la production de documents comptables. Sur le fond, la caisse r\u00e9clamait le remboursement d\u2019indemnit\u00e9s vers\u00e9es \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 l\u2019assur\u00e9e et \u00e0 son employeur subrog\u00e9 pour une m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. Le tribunal a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 un examen d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des pi\u00e8ces vers\u00e9es aux d\u00e9bats. Il a notamment analys\u00e9 les attestations de paiement et les bulletins de salaire. Ainsi l’analyse des bulletins de paie r\u00e9v\u00e8le que l’employeur de Madame [R] a maintenu son salaire. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). La d\u00e9cision souligne que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments produits \u00e9tablissent par la [5] justifie que le versement des indemnit\u00e9s journali\u00e8res a \u00e9t\u00e9 op\u00e9r\u00e9 deux fois pour la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). Le sens de cette analyse est de fonder la condamnation sur une preuve concr\u00e8te et concordante du double paiement. La charge de la preuve incombe en d\u00e9finitive \u00e0 l\u2019organisme cr\u00e9ancier, qui doit rapporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants et intelligibles pour le d\u00e9biteur.<\/p>\n

Le rejet de la demande en responsabilit\u00e9 pour absence de faute d\u00e9montr\u00e9e. L\u2019assur\u00e9e invoquait une faute de la caisse dans la gestion de son adresse, susceptible d\u2019engager sa responsabilit\u00e9 civile. Le tribunal a rappel\u00e9 les conditions l\u00e9gales de cette action. Il appartient \u00e0 celui qui pr\u00e9tend engager la responsabilit\u00e9 d’un tiers de rapporter la preuve, d’une part, de la faute ou de l’imprudence \u00e0 l’origine du dommage. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). Il a estim\u00e9 que l\u2019assur\u00e9e \u00e9tait d\u00e9bout\u00e9e de ce chef de demande, faute de d\u00e9montrer une faute quelconque commise par la Caisse ainsi qu’il r\u00e9sulte des d\u00e9veloppements sui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent. (Motifs et d\u00e9cision). La port\u00e9e de ce rejet est double. D\u2019une part, il confirme que l\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9e dans la notification n\u2019\u00e9tait pas \u00e9tablie. D\u2019autre part, il rappelle que l\u2019engagement de la responsabilit\u00e9 extra-contractuelle n\u00e9cessite la d\u00e9monstration positive d\u2019une faute, d\u2019un dommage et d\u2019un lien causal, fardeau probatoire qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas rempli en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re sociale, a rendu un jugement le 24 septembre 2025. L\u2019affaire concernait l\u2019opposition d\u2019une assur…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68deda006af9fd1f80962b5f","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68deda006af9fd1f80962b5f","_kj_judilibre_id":"68deda006af9fd1f80962b5f","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne","_kj_chambre":"CTX PROTECTION SOCIALE","_kj_rg":"23\/00652","_kj_date":"2025-09-24","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/00652 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-\u00c9tienne, statuant en mati\u00e8re sociale, a rendu un jugement le 24 septembre 2025. 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