{"id":665492,"date":"2026-04-23T23:48:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-25-juin-2025-n24-01437\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T20:22:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T18:22:35","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-25-juin-2025-n24-01437","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-25-juin-2025-n24-01437\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Caen, le 25 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/01437"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Caen, statuant le 25 juin 2025, a examin\u00e9 une opposition \u00e0 une injonction de payer<\/a>. L’affaire opposait une entreprise de menuiserie \u00e0 son client, ce dernier refusant de r\u00e9gler le solde d’une facture en invoquant des d\u00e9sordres. Le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’opposition recevable puis a rejet\u00e9 l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution soulev\u00e9e par le client. Il a condamn\u00e9 ce dernier au paiement de la somme due, rejetant \u00e9galement sa demande d’expertise judiciaire.<\/p>\n

La qualification juridique des travaux et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/p>\n

Le tribunal op\u00e8re d’abord une requalification essentielle des faits litigieux. Il \u00e9carte l’application du r\u00e9gime des garanties des constructeurs. La pose de menuiseries standards ne constitue pas un “ouvrage” au sens de l’article 1792 du code civil. Le litige rel\u00e8ve donc du droit commun des contrats, excluant les garanties d\u00e9cennales et apparent\u00e9es. Le proc\u00e8s-verbal de r\u00e9ception sign\u00e9 par les parties ne vaut pas r\u00e9ception au sens technique. Il constitue uniquement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de preuve de l’existence de d\u00e9sordres \u00e0 une date certaine. Cette analyse restreint consid\u00e9rablement les moyens de d\u00e9fense disponibles pour l’acqu\u00e9reur des travaux. Elle limite le d\u00e9bat aux seules r\u00e8gles de l’ex\u00e9cution contractuelle et de la preuve des manquements.<\/p>\n

La preuve des d\u00e9sordres et le rejet de l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution<\/p>\n

Le juge examine ensuite la preuve des d\u00e9sordres et leur gravit\u00e9. Seuls deux d\u00e9sordres, r\u00e9serv\u00e9s dans le proc\u00e8s-verbal, sont retenus comme \u00e9tablis. Ils concernent un probl\u00e8me esth\u00e9tique d’alignement et une poign\u00e9e ne se remettant pas droite. Les autres d\u00e9sordres all\u00e9gu\u00e9s, appuy\u00e9s par des photographies non dat\u00e9es, sont \u00e9cart\u00e9s. Le tribunal rappelle que “celui qui invoque l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution doit \u00e9tablir que son cocontractant n’a pas ou n\u2019a rempli que partiellement ses obligations” (article 1219 du code civil). Il exige une inex\u00e9cution suffisamment grave. Les d\u00e9sordres retenus, de nature esth\u00e9tique, ne portent pas atteinte \u00e0 la solidit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 l’usage des menuiseries. Ils ne sont donc pas d’une gravit\u00e9 suffisante pour justifier le refus de payer le prix convenu.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est significative en mati\u00e8re de preuve. Le tribunal refuse une expertise judiciaire, estimant qu’elle ne peut pallier une carence probatoire. Il souligne que “l\u2019expertise judiciaire n\u2019a pas vocation \u00e0 palier la carence de la preuve”. Cette position stricte incite les parties \u00e0 constituer un dossier probant d\u00e8s l’amiable. Elle rappelle que la charge de la preuve incombe \u00e0 celui qui invoque un manquement. La demande d’expertise est rejet\u00e9e car les d\u00e9sordres retenus sont visibles et leur gravit\u00e9 insuffisante. Le client ne justifie pas d’un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime \u00e0 une mesure d’instruction on\u00e9reuse.<\/p>\n

La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans l’appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te de la gravit\u00e9. Le juge op\u00e8re une pond\u00e9ration entre l’importance des manquements prouv\u00e9s et l’obligation principale de payer. Des d\u00e9fauts mineurs, n’affectant pas la fonctionnalit\u00e9, ne suspendent pas l’ex\u00e9cution du contrat. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge l’\u00e9quilibre contractuel contre des exceptions dilatoires. Elle \u00e9vite qu’un d\u00e9biteur utilise un pr\u00e9texte futile pour diff\u00e9rer son obligation p\u00e9cuniaire. La d\u00e9cision r\u00e9affirme le caract\u00e8re subsidiaire et exigeant de l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution. Elle en pr\u00e9cise les conditions probatoires et substantielles dans le cadre des contrats d’entreprise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Caen, statuant le 25 juin 2025, a examin\u00e9 une opposition \u00e0 une injonction de payer. L’affaire opposait une entreprise de menuiserie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f950b9de0ebe408dac81cf","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f950b9de0ebe408dac81cf","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f950b9de0ebe408dac81cf","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Tours","_kj_chambre":"CIVIL_EX-TI","_kj_rg":"24\/01437","_kj_date":"2025-09-24","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Caen, le 25 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/01437 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Caen, statuant le 25 juin 2025, a examin\u00e9 une opposition \u00e0 une injonction de payer. 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