{"id":665586,"date":"2026-04-24T00:02:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T22:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-13-juillet-2022-n24-09251\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T00:02:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T22:02:06","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-13-juillet-2022-n24-09251","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-13-juillet-2022-n24-09251\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Draguignan, le 13 juillet 2022, n\u00b024\/09251"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 13 juillet 2022. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait sollicit\u00e9 une expertise sur un acte notari\u00e9 avant tout proc\u00e8s. Les notaires concern\u00e9s s’opposaient \u00e0 cette mesure d’instruction pr\u00e9alable. Le juge devait d\u00e9terminer les conditions de recevabilit\u00e9 d’une telle demande. Il a ordonn\u00e9 la poursuite de l’expertise et l’a rendue opposable aux notaires mis en cause.<\/p>\n

Le motif l\u00e9gitime de l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile<\/p>\n

La condition d’un litige futur suffisamment d\u00e9termin\u00e9. Le juge rappelle que l’article 145 ne requiert pas la preuve d’une responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tablie. Il exige seulement la perspective cr\u00e9dible d’un proc\u00e8s ult\u00e9rieur. “Il suffit pour le demandeur de prouver la seule perspective d’un proc\u00e8s ult\u00e9rieur dont le fondement para\u00eet suffisamment d\u00e9termin\u00e9” (Motifs). Cette interpr\u00e9tation facilite l’acc\u00e8s aux mesures conservatoires. Elle \u00e9vite un examen pr\u00e9matur\u00e9 du fond du droit lors de la demande.<\/p>\n

L’absence de proc\u00e8s au fond manifestement vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec. La d\u00e9cision \u00e9carte l’exigence d’une preuve d\u00e9finitive des faits litigieux. Elle se contente d’un risque de litige qui ne soit pas irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement condamn\u00e9. Cette approche est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence r\u00e9cente des cours d’appel. “L’article 145 suppose l’existence d’un motif l\u00e9gitime, c’est-\u00e0-dire un fait cr\u00e9dible et plausible, ne relevant pas de la simple hypoth\u00e8se” (Cour d’appel de Paris, le 12 janvier 2023, n\u00b022\/11756). Elle assure une fonction pr\u00e9ventive et pr\u00e9paratoire \u00e0 l’instance.<\/p>\n

La mise en cause du tiers et les effets de l’ordonnance<\/p>\n

La l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la mise en cause pour rendre le jugement commun. Le juge fonde sa d\u00e9cision sur l’article 331 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Il estime que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 requ\u00e9rante a un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 associer les notaires \u00e0 l’expertise. L’objectif est de garantir l’opposabilit\u00e9 future des conclusions de l’expert. Cette proc\u00e9dure permet de s\u00e9curiser l’efficacit\u00e9 probatoire de la mesure. Elle int\u00e8gre le tiers dans le processus contradictoire d\u00e8s la phase pr\u00e9-contentieuse.<\/p>\n

Les effets imm\u00e9diats et les limites de l’ordonnance rendue. La d\u00e9cision ordonne la poursuite de l’expertise de mani\u00e8re contradictoire. Elle rend l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure d’instruction opposable aux notaires mis en cause. Le juge pr\u00e9cise les modalit\u00e9s de convocation et la caducit\u00e9 en cas de rapport d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9pos\u00e9. Il rejette toute condamnation aux d\u00e9pens et \u00e0 l’article 700 contre la requ\u00e9rante. Cette solution pr\u00e9serve la nature provisoire et pr\u00e9paratoire de la mesure d’instruction.<\/p>\n

Cette ordonnance illustre une application lib\u00e9rale de l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle admet la mise en cause pr\u00e9ventive d’un tiers pour garantir l’opposabilit\u00e9 d’une expertise. La d\u00e9cision facilite la conservation des preuves en amont d’un litige simplement plausible. Elle confirme que “le r\u00e9sultat de l’expertise \u00e0 ordonner pr\u00e9sente un int\u00e9r\u00eat probatoire, dans la perspective d’un proc\u00e8s au fond non manifestement vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec” (Cour d’appel de Colmar, le 21 novembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03891). Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s assure ainsi une fonction essentielle de s\u00e9curisation des preuves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 13 juillet 2022. 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