{"id":666855,"date":"2026-04-24T02:18:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bethune-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-02578\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T02:18:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:18:45","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-bethune-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-02578","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bethune-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-02578\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9thune, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/02578"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>Le tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9thune, statuant le 23 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une action en recours subrogatoire intent\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution. Cette derni\u00e8re avait pay\u00e9 la dette d\u2019un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme d\u2019un pr\u00eat immobilier. La juridiction a accueilli la demande principale en remboursement du capital pay\u00e9. Elle a en revanche rejet\u00e9 la demande de remboursement de frais d\u2019avocat fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019ancien article 2305 du code civil. La solution op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre le r\u00e9gime du recours de la caution et celui de l\u2019indemnisation des frais de proc\u00e9dure.<\/p>\n<p>La cons\u00e9cration du droit au recours subrogatoire de la caution<\/p>\n<p>Le tribunal rappelle le principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du recours de la caution ayant pay\u00e9. Il applique strictement l\u2019ancien article 2305 du code civil, disposant que &#8220;la caution qui a pay\u00e9 a son recours contre le d\u00e9biteur principal, soit que le cautionnement ait \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 au su ou \u00e0 l&#8217;insu du d\u00e9biteur&#8221; (Motifs, I). Ce texte fonde un recours subrogatoire de plein droit au profit de la caution. La d\u00e9cision valide ce recours pour le principal de la somme pay\u00e9e \u00e0 la banque cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re. Elle ordonne donc le remboursement int\u00e9gral du capital vers\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 garante. La port\u00e9e de ce point est de r\u00e9affirmer la force obligatoire du m\u00e9canisme de subrogation l\u00e9gale. Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence constante sur le sujet. &#8220;Selon l&#8217;article 2305 du code civil, dans sa version ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l&#8217;ordonnance n\u00b02021-1192 du 15 septembre 2021, la caution qui a pay\u00e9 a son recours contre le d\u00e9biteur principal&#8221; (Cour d&#8217;appel de Chamb\u00e9ry, le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b022\/00372). Le tribunal assure ainsi la protection \u00e9conomique de la caution professionnelle.<\/p>\n<p>La distinction essentielle entre frais de recours et frais de proc\u00e9dure<\/p>\n<p>Le rejet de la demande de remboursement des honoraires d\u2019avocat constitue le second apport. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 requ\u00e9rante invoquait l\u2019alin\u00e9a 2 de l\u2019ancien article 2305. Le tribunal \u00e9carte cette qualification au profit du r\u00e9gime de l\u2019article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Il estime que &#8220;les frais d&#8217;avocat expos\u00e9s par la caution dans le cadre de la proc\u00e9dure judiciaire ne sont pas r\u00e9gis par les dispositions de l&#8217;article 2305&#8221; (Motifs, I). Cette interpr\u00e9tation restreint le champ des frais vis\u00e9s par le texte ancien aux seuls frais extrajudiciaires. La valeur de cette analyse est de clarifier le droit applicable en p\u00e9riode transitoire. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente sur le m\u00eame point. &#8220;Aux termes des alin\u00e9as 1 et 2 de l\u2019article 2305 (ancien) du code civil, la caution qui a pay\u00e9 a son recours contre le d\u00e9biteur principal [&#8230;] pour le principal que pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats et les frais&#8221; (Tribunal judiciaire de Bobigny, le 24 juin 2025, n\u00b025\/02026). Le juge op\u00e8re ainsi une r\u00e9partition nette entre les r\u00e9gimes indemnitaires.<\/p>\n<p>La solution d\u00e9limite avec pr\u00e9cision les pr\u00e9rogatives de la caution apr\u00e8s paiement. Elle garantit son recours int\u00e9gral pour le principal de la dette sans condition. Elle cantonne cependant l\u2019indemnisation des frais de proc\u00e9dure au dispositif de l\u2019article 700. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre l\u2019application rigoureuse de l\u2019ancien droit des s\u00fbret\u00e9s avant la r\u00e9forme. Elle s\u00e9curise la position des cautions professionnelles tout en encadrant leurs demandes indemnitaires. Le raisonnement contribue \u00e0 une interpr\u00e9tation uniforme des textes transitoires en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9thune, statuant le 23 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une action en recours subrogatoire intent\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution. Cette derni\u00e8&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9thune, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/02578 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9thune, statuant le 23 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une action en recours subrogatoire intent\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution. 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