{"id":666977,"date":"2026-04-24T02:33:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-juillet-2025-n24-03012\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T02:33:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:33:00","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-juillet-2025-n24-03012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-24-juillet-2025-n24-03012\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, le 24 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/03012"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, par un jugement du 24 juillet 2025, statue sur la date d’entr\u00e9e en jouissance d’une pension de r\u00e9version. L’\u00e9pouse survivante avait d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une premi\u00e8re demande rapidement apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s, rejet\u00e9e pour vice de forme. Une seconde demande, formul\u00e9e plus de trois ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s, fut accept\u00e9e mais avec une date d’effet tardive. Le tribunal rejette la requ\u00eate visant \u00e0 obtenir une date d’effet r\u00e9troactive, appliquant strictement les d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux. La solution rappelle le caract\u00e8re imp\u00e9ratif des conditions temporelles pour le point de d\u00e9part de la pension.<\/p>\n

La rigueur des d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux pour la r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9<\/p>\n

L’application stricte du d\u00e9lai annuel post-d\u00e9c\u00e8s<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle le r\u00e9gime l\u00e9gal de l’article R.353-7 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale. Ce texte conditionne la r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la demande dans l’ann\u00e9e du d\u00e9c\u00e8s. “Toutefois : a) Lorsque la demande est d\u00e9pos\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9lai d’un an qui suit le d\u00e9c\u00e8s, la date d’entr\u00e9e en jouissance peut \u00eatre fix\u00e9e au plus t\u00f4t au premier jour du mois qui suit le d\u00e9c\u00e8s” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). En l’esp\u00e8ce, la demande d\u00e9finitive fut d\u00e9pos\u00e9e le 22 mars 2021, pour un d\u00e9c\u00e8s survenu le 18 f\u00e9vrier 2018. Le tribunal constate que ce d\u00e9p\u00f4t est intervenu “dans un d\u00e9lai sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 un an apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation qui affirme que la date “ne peut pas \u00eatre ant\u00e9rieure au d\u00e9p\u00f4t de la demande” (Cass. Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 12 novembre 2020, n\u00b019-21.812). La port\u00e9e est claire : le d\u00e9lai d’un an est une condition substantielle pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’une date d’effet r\u00e9troactive au mois suivant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

L’irr\u00e9vocabilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions de rejet non contest\u00e9es<\/p>\n

Le juge \u00e9carte l’argument tir\u00e9 de la premi\u00e8re demande, pourtant d\u00e9pos\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9lai. Cette demande du 8 mars 2018 fit l’objet d’un rejet notifi\u00e9 le 3 septembre 2019. Le tribunal rel\u00e8ve que cette d\u00e9cision, “qui comportait mention des voies et d\u00e9lais de recours, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 contest\u00e9e” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Il en d\u00e9duit que cette d\u00e9cision “doit donc \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme d\u00e9finitive” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La valeur de ce point est essentielle pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique. Le sens est que le demandeur doit imp\u00e9rativement contester un rejet pour pr\u00e9server ses droits. L’inaction rend le rejet d\u00e9finitif et interdit de se pr\u00e9valoir ult\u00e9rieurement de la date du premier d\u00e9p\u00f4t. La port\u00e9e en est pratique, incitant les requ\u00e9rants \u00e0 la diligence proc\u00e9durale.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales du d\u00e9faut de diligence<\/p>\n

La fixation l\u00e9gale de la date d’effet en cas de demande tardive<\/p>\n

Faute de remplir les conditions des alin\u00e9as a ou b de l’article R.353-7, le r\u00e9gime de droit commun s’applique. Le texte pr\u00e9voit qu’\u00e0 d\u00e9faut, “la date d’entr\u00e9e en jouissance est fix\u00e9e au premier jour du mois suivant la date de r\u00e9ception de la demande” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le tribunal applique m\u00e9caniquement cette r\u00e8gle \u00e0 la demande du 22 mars 2021. Il valide donc la fixation de la date d’effet “au 1er avril 2021 par la caisse” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La valeur de cette solution est son caract\u00e8re pr\u00e9visible et automatique. Le sens est que le l\u00e9gislateur a instaur\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me clair pour pallier l’absence de choix du demandeur. La port\u00e9e prot\u00e8ge les organismes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale contre des demandes de r\u00e9gularisation trop anciennes.<\/p>\n

La sanction des pr\u00e9tentions infond\u00e9es par des condamnations p\u00e9cuniaires<\/p>\n

Le rejet des demandes principales entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences financi\u00e8res pour la requ\u00e9rante. Le tribunal “condamne l’\u00e9pouse survivante aux d\u00e9pens de l’instance” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Il la d\u00e9boute \u00e9galement de sa demande au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Plus significativement, il “condamne l’\u00e9pouse survivante \u00e0 verser \u00e0 la caisse la somme de 500 euros” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision) sur ce m\u00eame fondement. La valeur de cette condamnation est d’ordre dissuasif. Le sens est que des pr\u00e9tentions jug\u00e9es irrecevables en droit peuvent \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9es. La port\u00e9e rappelle que le contentieux de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale engage la responsabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re des parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, par un jugement du 24 juillet 2025, statue sur la date d’entr\u00e9e en jouissance d’une pension de r\u00e9version. 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