{"id":667321,"date":"2026-04-24T03:08:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T01:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-17-janvier-2025-n25-01700\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T20:20:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T18:20:08","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-17-janvier-2025-n25-01700","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-17-janvier-2025-n25-01700\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 17 janvier 2025, n\u00b025\/01700"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 Toulon a rendu une ordonnance le 17 janvier 2025. Le bailleur d’un fonds de commerce a sollicit\u00e9 l’expulsion des preneurs pour inex\u00e9cution de leurs obligations contractuelles. Il a \u00e9galement demand\u00e9 le paiement provisionnel des loyers impay\u00e9s<\/a> et une indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s a accueilli l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des demandes du bailleur. Il a ordonn\u00e9 l’expulsion des locataires et les a condamn\u00e9s au paiement de diverses sommes.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre rigoureuse de la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/a><\/p>\n

Le juge constate la r\u00e9siliation de plein droit du bail commercial<\/a>. Il rappelle le formalisme imp\u00e9ratif attach\u00e9 \u00e0 l’activation d’une telle clause. La d\u00e9cision souligne que la clause contractuelle pr\u00e9voyait la r\u00e9siliation pour tout manquement. Le bailleur a diligent\u00e9 un commandement notifi\u00e9 par acte de commissaire de justice. Cet acte enjoignait aux preneurs de se conformer \u00e0 leurs obligations dans un d\u00e9lai d’un mois. “Le commandement doit, \u00e0 peine de nullit\u00e9, mentionner ce d\u00e9lai” (Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 17 janvier 2025). Les preneurs n’ayant pas obtemp\u00e9r\u00e9, la condition suspensive<\/a> fut r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. Le contrat fut donc r\u00e9solu de plein droit \u00e0 l’expiration du d\u00e9lai imparti. Cette application stricte prot\u00e8ge le bailleur contre un trouble manifestement illicite. Elle consacre \u00e9galement la force obligatoire des conventions l\u00e9galement form\u00e9es. La solution affirme la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des proc\u00e9dures contractuelles de r\u00e9siliation. Elle rappelle la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un commandement pr\u00e9alable formel pour les baux commerciaux. “toute clause ins\u00e9r\u00e9e dans un bail pr\u00e9voyant la r\u00e9siliation de plein droit ne produit effet qu\u2019un mois apr\u00e8s un commandement demeur\u00e9 infructueux” (Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 17 janvier 2025). La port\u00e9e de ce point est essentielle pour la validit\u00e9 des r\u00e9siliations.<\/p>\n

L’occupation sans titre constitue un trouble illicite justifiant l’expulsion. D\u00e8s le lendemain de la r\u00e9solution, les preneurs deviennent des occupants sans droit. Le juge qualifie cette situation de trouble manifestement illicite au sens de l’article 835. Il use ainsi de son pouvoir pour ordonner une mesure de remise en \u00e9tat. L’expulsion est prononc\u00e9e avec le concours de la force publique si n\u00e9cessaire. Cette d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9ventive vise \u00e0 faire cesser une situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Elle illustre l’efficacit\u00e9 du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 pour prot\u00e9ger les droits patrimoniaux. La valeur de cette mesure est de garantir l’effectivit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9solution contractuelle. Elle emp\u00eache la perp\u00e9tuation d’une occupation ill\u00e9gitime au d\u00e9triment du propri\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n

Les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour accorder des provisions<\/p>\n

Le juge accorde une provision au titre des loyers et charges \u00e9chus impay\u00e9s. Il fonde sa d\u00e9cision sur l’article 835 alin\u00e9a 2 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Le demandeur doit \u00e9tablir le principe et le montant de l’obligation. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le bailleur a produit le bail, le commandement et un d\u00e9compte actualis\u00e9. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments justifient la cr\u00e9ance de loyers arr\u00eat\u00e9e \u00e0 une date certaine. Les preneurs n’ont apport\u00e9 aucune preuve de paiement ou d’extinction de la dette. Le juge en d\u00e9duit que l’obligation de payer n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. “l\u2019obligation des preneurs de payer la somme de 10.685,66 \u20ac […] n\u2019est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable” (Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 17 janvier 2025). Cette approche est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence existante sur le sujet. “L’obligation du locataire de payer la somme de 17 949 euros […] n\u2019est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable” (Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 28 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/03087). La provision couvre les loyers \u00e9chus jusqu’au premier trimestre 2025 inclus. Elle est assortie d’int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux l\u00e9gal \u00e0 compter du jugement.<\/p>\n

Le juge ordonne \u00e9galement le paiement d’une indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation provisionnelle. Celle-ci court \u00e0 compter de la r\u00e9siliation du bail jusqu’\u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration des lieux. Son montant est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 hauteur du dernier loyer augment\u00e9 des charges. Cette indemnit\u00e9 a une double finalit\u00e9 compensatrice et indemnitaire. Elle compense la perte de loyer subie par le bailleur du fait de l’occupation. Elle indemnise aussi le pr\u00e9judice li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’indisponibilit\u00e9 du local. Cette condamnation est logique dans le prolongement de la r\u00e9siliation constat\u00e9e. Elle \u00e9vite que les occupants sans titre ne profitent gratuitement des lieux. La d\u00e9cision assure ainsi une protection p\u00e9cuniaire compl\u00e8te au cr\u00e9ancier. Elle illustre la facult\u00e9 du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 ordonner des mesures utiles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 Toulon a rendu une ordonnance le 17 janvier 2025. 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