{"id":667878,"date":"2026-04-24T03:56:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T01:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-23-novembre-2023-n24-06270\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T18:53:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:53:15","slug":"cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-23-novembre-2023-n24-06270","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-23-novembre-2023-n24-06270\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 23 novembre 2023, n\u00b024\/06270"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 23 novembre 2023, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 la reconnaissance d’une maladie professionnelle<\/a> et d’une faute inexcusable de l’employeur. Un salari\u00e9 administratif est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 d’un m\u00e9soth\u00e9liome, maladie inscrite au tableau 30 D. Ses ayants droit invoquaient une exposition environnementale \u00e0 l’amiante dans les locaux de l’entreprise, notamment apr\u00e8s un incendie. La cour a confirm\u00e9 le jugement rejetant la qualification de maladie professionnelle. Elle a ainsi \u00e9cart\u00e9 la faute inexcusable sans l’examiner, les conditions du tableau n’\u00e9tant pas remplies.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9somption d’origine professionnelle et ses conditions d’application<\/p>\n

Le cadre l\u00e9gal de la pr\u00e9somption. Le droit de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale \u00e9tablit une pr\u00e9somption d’origine professionnelle pour les maladies d\u00e9sign\u00e9es dans un tableau. “Est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e d’origine professionnelle toute maladie d\u00e9sign\u00e9e dans un tableau de maladies professionnelles et contract\u00e9e dans les conditions mentionn\u00e9es \u00e0 ce tableau.” (Motifs) Cette pr\u00e9somption dispense la victime de prouver le lien de causalit\u00e9 entre son affection et son travail. Elle s’applique d\u00e8s lors que le salari\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on habituelle \u00e0 l’agent nocif. La charge de la preuve incombe alors \u00e0 l’employeur qui conteste ce caract\u00e8re. Il doit apporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants pour renverser la pr\u00e9somption l\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une exposition habituelle au risque. Pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la pr\u00e9somption, l’exposition au risque doit \u00eatre caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e. “Sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es maladies professionnelles […] d\u00e8s lors qu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli que le salari\u00e9 qui en est atteint a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on habituelle au cours de son activit\u00e9 professionnelle, \u00e0 l’action d’agents nocifs.” (Motifs) La jurisprudence admet une exposition environnementale indirecte. “Dans le cadre d’une exposition \u00e0 l’amiante, il suffit, pour qu’une faute inexcusable puisse \u00eatre reconnue, que l’exposition du salari\u00e9 au risque ait \u00e9t\u00e9 habituelle, peu important le fait que le salari\u00e9 n’ait pas particip\u00e9 directement \u00e0 l’emploi ou \u00e0 la manipulation d’amiante.” (Motifs) La simple pr\u00e9sence d’amiante dans les b\u00e2timents ne suffit pas \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer une exposition habituelle des occupants. Il faut \u00e9tablir que les mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9taient d\u00e9grad\u00e9s et lib\u00e9raient des fibres.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation stricte des conditions de la pr\u00e9somption en l’esp\u00e8ce<\/p>\n

L’absence de preuve d’une exposition environnementale. La cour a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 un examen rigoureux des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve produits. Elle a constat\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence d’amiante dans certains locaux mais a relev\u00e9 l’absence d’\u00e9tat de d\u00e9gradation. “Cette seule pr\u00e9sence d’amiante dans certaines parties des immeubles b\u00e2tis \u00e9tant insuffisante \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d’une exposition environnementale des salari\u00e9s.” (Motifs) Les rapports techniques indiquaient que les mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9taient en bon \u00e9tat. Les mesures de qualit\u00e9 de l’air effectu\u00e9es apr\u00e8s l’incendie se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es n\u00e9gatives. La cour en a d\u00e9duit que l’exposition habituelle au risque n’\u00e9tait pas \u00e9tablie. Les all\u00e9gations des ayants droit restaient hypoth\u00e9tiques et non suffisamment \u00e9tay\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des \u00e9l\u00e9ments invoqu\u00e9s par les ayants droit. La d\u00e9cision de prise en charge par la caisse d’assurance maladie n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e d\u00e9terminante. La cour a not\u00e9 que le rapport d’enqu\u00eate administrative se contentait de reprendre les d\u00e9clarations de la salari\u00e9e. Il ne fournissait pas d’explication probante sur l’exposition au risque. La cour a \u00e9galement \u00e9cart\u00e9 l’argument tir\u00e9 de travaux de r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement. “La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 une ‘possible’ lib\u00e9ration d’amiante qui ne constitue qu’une hypoth\u00e8se, sans aucun fondement av\u00e9r\u00e9, n’est pas suffisante.” (Motifs) En l’absence de preuve d’une exposition professionnelle, la pr\u00e9somption du tableau 30 D ne pouvait jouer. La cour a ainsi confirm\u00e9 la solution du premier juge sans ordonner d’expertise compl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle avec rigueur les conditions d’application du syst\u00e8me des tableaux de maladies professionnelles. Elle souligne que la pr\u00e9somption l\u00e9gale, bien que favorable aux victimes, n’est pas automatique. La preuve d’une exposition habituelle au risque reste un pr\u00e9alable essentiel. La cour op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le strict des \u00e9l\u00e9ments apport\u00e9s, refusant de se fonder sur de simples pr\u00e9somptions ou des hypoth\u00e8ses. Cette approche restrictive peut sembler protectrice des employeurs. Elle place une charge probatoire importante sur les ayants droit dans les cas d’exposition environnementale indirecte. La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est donc significative pour les pathologies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’amiante dans les secteurs non directement expos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 23 novembre 2023, a statu\u00e9 sur un litige relatif \u00e0 la reconnaissance d’une maladie professionnelle et d’une faute inexcusab…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d37d7a2e40a40d5ce99612","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d37d7a2e40a40d5ce99612","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d37d7a2e40a40d5ce99612","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Lyon","_kj_chambre":"CHAMBRE SOCIALE D (PS)","_kj_rg":"24\/06270","_kj_date":"2025-09-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7123,6580,7597,6718,6992],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-du-travail","category-droit-social","category-jurisprudence","category-social","category-travail"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Versailles, le 23 novembre 2023, n\u00b024\/06270 - 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