{"id":668133,"date":"2026-04-24T04:23:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-28-novembre-2024-n25-00228\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T04:23:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:23:27","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-28-novembre-2024-n25-00228","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-28-novembre-2024-n25-00228\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 28 novembre 2024, n\u00b025\/00228"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 28 novembre 2024. Un \u00e9tudiant, exclu d’une \u00e9cole de commerce pour d\u00e9faut de dipl\u00f4me requis, sollicitait sa r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et une provision. Le juge a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de ses demandes, estimant qu’aucun trouble manifestement illicite n’\u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 et que l’obligation all\u00e9gu\u00e9e \u00e9tait s\u00e9rieusement contest\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’un trouble manifestement illicite pour le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9finition rigoureuse du trouble manifestement illicite. Le juge rappelle que ce trouble d\u00e9signe toute perturbation r\u00e9sultant d’une violation \u00e9vidente de la r\u00e8gle de droit. “Le trouble manifestement illicite d\u00e9signe toute perturbation r\u00e9sultant d’un fait mat\u00e9riel ou juridique qui directement ou indirectement constitue une violation \u00e9vidente de la r\u00e8gle de droit.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette violation peut provenir de la m\u00e9connaissance d’une loi, d’un contrat ou m\u00eame d’un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 abusif. Le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 fond\u00e9 sur l’article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile permet d’y mettre fin malgr\u00e9 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur le fond du droit. “Aux termes de l\u2019article 835 alin\u00e9a 1 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, le pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire peut toujours, m\u00eame en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une contestation s\u00e9rieuse, prescrire en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 les mesures conservatoires ou de remise en \u00e9tat qui s\u2019imposent, soit pour pr\u00e9venir un dommage imminent, soit pour faire cesser un trouble manifestement illicite.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 28 novembre 2024, n\u00b024\/54566).<\/p>\n

L’application stricte au cas de l’\u00e9tudiant exclu. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le juge constate que l’\u00e9tudiant ne d\u00e9tenait pas le dipl\u00f4me exig\u00e9 par le r\u00e8glement du concours. Il lui appartenait de v\u00e9rifier l’\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 de son titre avant son inscription. Le dipl\u00f4me universitaire pr\u00e9sent\u00e9, obtenu en un an, ne correspondait \u00e0 aucun des dipl\u00f4mes requis de niveau bac+3. D\u00e8s lors, l’exclusion ne peut \u00eatre vue comme une violation \u00e9vidente du droit. “Il ne saurait donc \u00eatre utilement soutenu que l’exclusion […] constituerait un trouble manifestement illicite, alors qu’il ne dispose pas du dipl\u00f4me exig\u00e9.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). L’absence de conseil de discipline est sans incidence, car il s’agit d’une in\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 et non d’une sanction disciplinaire.<\/p>\n

L’impossibilit\u00e9 d’accorder une provision en pr\u00e9sence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse<\/p>\n

Les conditions strictes de l’article 835 alin\u00e9a 2 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Ce texte permet d’accorder une provision si l’existence de l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Le demandeur doit \u00e9tablir le principe et le montant de cette cr\u00e9ance. La d\u00e9cision rappelle que “la condamnation provisionnelle, que peut prononcer le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s sans exc\u00e9der ses pouvoirs, n’a d’autre limite que le montant non s\u00e9rieusement contestable de la cr\u00e9ance all\u00e9gu\u00e9e.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette condition est cumulative avec l’absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur le fond du droit.<\/p>\n

Le rejet de la demande de provision fond\u00e9 sur l’absence d’obligation \u00e9tablie. Le juge \u00e9tend le raisonnement tenu sur le trouble illicite \u00e0 la demande de provision. Puisque l’\u00e9tablissement \u00e9tait en droit d’exclure l’\u00e9tudiant pour non-conformit\u00e9 de son dipl\u00f4me, aucune obligation de r\u00e9paration en sa faveur n’est \u00e9tablie. “Il r\u00e9sulte des m\u00eames motifs […] que l\u2019existence d\u2019une cr\u00e9ance […] se heurte \u00e0 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse puisqu\u2019il n\u2019est nullement \u00e9tabli que [l’\u00e9cole] aurait commis des agissements illicites.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Ainsi, le d\u00e9faut de preuve d’un comportement fautif de l’\u00e9cole interdit toute condamnation, m\u00eame \u00e0 titre provisionnel.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle avec fermet\u00e9 les limites du pouvoir du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Elle souligne que la proc\u00e9dure acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e ne saurait contourner l’exigence de preuve quant au bien-fond\u00e9 des pr\u00e9tentions. Le juge refuse de se transformer en juge du fond en pr\u00e9sence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur les faits essentiels. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge les institutions \u00e9ducatives dans l’application de leurs r\u00e8gles d’admission. Elle consacre une interpr\u00e9tation restrictive des notions de trouble manifestement illicite et d’obligation non s\u00e9rieusement contestable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 28 novembre 2024. Un \u00e9tudiant, exclu d’une \u00e9cole de commerce pour d\u00e9faut de dipl\u00f4me req…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-668133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 28 novembre 2024, n\u00b025\/00228 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 28 novembre 2024. 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