{"id":668875,"date":"2026-04-24T05:31:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T03:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-19-septembre-2025-n24-00846\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T05:31:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T03:31:04","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-19-septembre-2025-n24-00846","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-19-septembre-2025-n24-00846\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Poitiers, le 19 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00846"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. L’organisme pr\u00eateur sollicitait le remboursement du capital restant d\u00fb apr\u00e8s d\u00e9faut de paiement de l’emprunteur. Le juge a d’abord v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action au regard du d\u00e9lai de forclusion, avant de statuer sur le fond de la demande. La solution retenue prononce la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats conventionnels pour le cr\u00e9ancier et limite la condamnation au seul capital.<\/p>\n

La sanction du d\u00e9faut de consultation du FICP<\/p>\n

L’exigence probatoire et la rigueur de son contr\u00f4le<\/p>\n

Le juge a soulev\u00e9 d’office l’absence de preuve du respect d’une obligation pr\u00e9contractuelle essentielle. Il rel\u00e8ve que “la preuve du respect de l’article L312-16 du code de la consommation n’est pas rapport\u00e9e en ce que le demandeur ne produit pas le relev\u00e9 de consultation du Fichier national des incidents de remboursement des cr\u00e9dits aux particuliers” (Sur la demande en paiement). Cette exigence formelle est syst\u00e9matiquement appliqu\u00e9e par les juridictions pour prot\u00e9ger l’emprunteur. Une jurisprudence constante confirme cette approche, comme l’illustre une d\u00e9cision notant qu'”en l’esp\u00e8ce, la SA FRANFINANCE ne produit pas le justificatif de la consultation du FICP pour chacun des d\u00e9biteurs pr\u00e9alablement \u00e0 la conclusion du contrat de cr\u00e9dit, alors qu’il s’agit d’une obligation essentielle de l’organisme financier” (Tribunal judiciaire de Versailles, le 15 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/00561). Le contr\u00f4le est donc strict et la charge de la preuve incombe enti\u00e8rement au pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e r\u00e9troactive de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance prononc\u00e9e<\/p>\n

La sanction affecte les conditions de formation du contrat, justifiant son effet r\u00e9troactif. Le juge pr\u00e9cise que “la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats s’applique \u00e0 compter de la conclusion du contrat, l’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 sanctionn\u00e9e affectant les conditions de sa formation” (Sur la demande en paiement). Cette r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 an\u00e9antit pour le pass\u00e9 tout droit du cr\u00e9ancier \u00e0 percevoir des int\u00e9r\u00eats conventionnels. Elle renforce le caract\u00e8re dissuasif de la sanction en privant le pr\u00eateur de la contrepartie financi\u00e8re principale de son engagement. Cette solution est coh\u00e9rente avec l’objectif de protection du consommateur, en le lib\u00e9rant du poids d’int\u00e9r\u00eats per\u00e7us sur un contrat irr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement form\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les modalit\u00e9s d’ex\u00e9cution de la d\u00e9cision<\/p>\n

La liquidation de la cr\u00e9ance et la neutralisation des int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/p>\n

La condamnation est strictement limit\u00e9e au capital restant d\u00fb, recalcul\u00e9 apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction des sommes vers\u00e9es. Le juge en d\u00e9duit que “le d\u00e9biteur n’est tenu qu’au remboursement du seul capital restant d\u00fb, apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction de tous les paiements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 quelque titre que ce soit” (Sur la demande en paiement). Les int\u00e9r\u00eats conventionnels sont exclus, et les int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux de retard sont am\u00e9nag\u00e9s. Le juge temp\u00e8re leur r\u00e9gime “afin d’assurer l’effectivit\u00e9 et le caract\u00e8re dissuasif de la sanction”, en les plafonnant et en les rendant non majorables (Sur la demande en paiement). Cet am\u00e9nagement vise \u00e0 \u00e9viter que le cr\u00e9ancier ne retrouve, par le biais d’int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s, un avantage \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 celui dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9chu.<\/p>\n

La gestion proc\u00e9durale des demandes accessoires<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re une r\u00e9partition \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e des frais et d\u00e9pens de l’instance. La partie perdante est condamn\u00e9e aux d\u00e9pens, conform\u00e9ment au principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. En revanche, il est fait une application mesur\u00e9e de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Le juge estime que “la situation \u00e9conomique respective des parties justifie de ne pas faire application” de cette disposition (Sur les demandes accessoires). Cette d\u00e9cision \u00e9vite d’alourdir la charge financi\u00e8re de l’emprunteur, d\u00e9j\u00e0 condamn\u00e9 au remboursement du capital. Elle t\u00e9moigne d’une appr\u00e9ciation in concreto des cons\u00e9quences de la d\u00e9cision, dans le souci d’une \u00e9quit\u00e9 pratique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, a examin\u00e9 une action en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommatio…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-668875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Poitiers, le 19 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00846 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta 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