{"id":669326,"date":"2026-04-24T06:09:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-19-septembre-2025-n25-00122\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T06:09:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:09:10","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-19-septembre-2025-n25-00122","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-19-septembre-2025-n25-00122\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 19 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00122"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 19 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une demande en paiement formul\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit contre un emprunteur d\u00e9faillant. Apr\u00e8s une assignation d\u00e9livr\u00e9e \u00e0 personne, le d\u00e9biteur n’a pas comparu \u00e0 l’audience. Le juge a d\u00fb trancher la question de la nature du jugement rendu en l’absence du d\u00e9fendeur et le fond de la cr\u00e9ance. La juridiction a rendu un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire et a fait droit aux demandes principales de la banque, en condamnant l’emprunteur au paiement du capital restant d\u00fb et \u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires l\u00e9gaux.<\/p>\n

La qualification de la d\u00e9cision en l’absence de comparution<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime applicable au jugement par d\u00e9faut<\/p>\n

Le juge applique le cadre l\u00e9gal d\u00e9fini par l’article 472 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Ce texte dispose que “Si le d\u00e9fendeur ne compara\u00eet pas, il est n\u00e9anmoins statu\u00e9 sur le fond. Le juge ne fait droit \u00e0 la demande que dans la mesure o\u00f9 il l’estime r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, recevable et bien fond\u00e9e.” (Motifs). Cette r\u00e8gle permet de juger une affaire malgr\u00e9 l’absence d’une partie, en prot\u00e9geant ses droits. Le tribunal v\u00e9rifie ainsi scrupuleusement le bien-fond\u00e9 de la demande, \u00e9vitant un jugement automatique en faveur du pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation d’un jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les conditions de notification ayant conduit \u00e0 cette qualification. “Il est constant que Monsieur [T] a \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’audience du 16 juin 2025 par assignation remise \u00e0 \u00e9tude, avec certitude de son domicile.” (Motifs). Cette notification \u00e0 personne est l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9cisif. La juridiction en d\u00e9duit que “L’int\u00e9r\u00eat du litige \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 5.000 euros, le jugement sera r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire.” (Motifs). Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence constante sur l’application de l’article 473 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. “Le jugement est r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire lorsque la d\u00e9cision est susceptible d’appel ou lorsque la citation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e \u00e0 la personne du d\u00e9fendeur” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 28 janvier 2026, n\u00b022\/02928). La port\u00e9e est majeure, car elle prive le d\u00e9fendeur absent de la facult\u00e9 de former opposition.<\/p>\n

L’examen au fond de la cr\u00e9ance litigieuse<\/p>\n

La preuve de l’existence et du montant de la dette<\/p>\n

Le tribunal fonde sa conviction sur les pi\u00e8ces vers\u00e9es aux d\u00e9bats par l’\u00e9tablissement financier. Il rel\u00e8ve la production du “contrat de pr\u00eat personnel et son tableau d’amortissement, l’historique du compte, la copie de la lettre de mise en demeure” (Motifs). Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments permettent de constater “l’existence de la cr\u00e9ance et liquident le montant de la somme due” (Motifs). Le juge applique le principe de la force obligatoire du contrat pos\u00e9 par l’article 1103 du code civil. “Les contrats l\u00e9galement form\u00e9s tiennent lieu de loi \u00e0 ceux qui les ont faits” (Motifs). La valeur de cette analyse r\u00e9side dans le respect du principe dispositif, le demandeur supportant la charge de la preuve.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des exceptions soulev\u00e9es d’office<\/p>\n

Le juge proc\u00e8de \u00e0 un examen exhaustif des moyens pouvant affecter la cr\u00e9ance. Il v\u00e9rifie d’abord la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat, notant que “Le contrat de pr\u00eat ne comporte aucune clause abusive.” (Motifs). Il \u00e9carte ensuite tout obstacle extinctif, en affirmant qu'”Aucune prescription de droit commun ni aucune prescription sp\u00e9ciale n’est encourue.” (Motifs). Enfin, il constate que le d\u00e9fendeur, “absent \u00e0 l’audience, n’a pas donn\u00e9 d’argument permettant d’\u00e9carter le paiement de la dette.” (Motifs). La port\u00e9e de cet examen d’office est de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique et la bonne administration de la justice, m\u00eame en l’absence de contradiction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 19 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 une demande en paiement formul\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit contre un emprunteur d\u00e9faill…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc3e0fb3454b98788deda4","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc3e0fb3454b98788deda4","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc3e0fb3454b98788deda4","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon","_kj_chambre":"PPP JCP","_kj_rg":"25\/00122","_kj_date":"2025-09-19","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-669326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 19 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00122 - 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