{"id":670227,"date":"2026-04-24T07:30:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-18-septembre-2025-n24-00021\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T07:30:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:30:21","slug":"cour-dappel-le-18-septembre-2025-n24-00021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-18-septembre-2025-n24-00021\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00021"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, rend une d\u00e9cision le 18 septembre 2025. Il examine une demande de v\u00e9rification de cr\u00e9ances form\u00e9e par un d\u00e9biteur dans le cadre d’une proc\u00e9dure de surendettement. Le juge constate d’abord la recevabilit\u00e9 de ce recours, puis en d\u00e9clare l’absence de bien-fond\u00e9. La solution retenue consiste \u00e0 constater que la proc\u00e9dure est devenue sans objet en raison d’une d\u00e9cision ant\u00e9rieure de la cour d’appel.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 conditionn\u00e9e par le respect d’un d\u00e9lai strict<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie scrupuleusement le respect des conditions de forme de la saisine. L’\u00e9tat d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des dettes avait \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’int\u00e9ress\u00e9e le 27 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Cette derni\u00e8re a contest\u00e9 cet \u00e9tat par lettre recommand\u00e9e \u00e9mise le 28 d\u00e9cembre 2023. Le recours est donc jug\u00e9 recevable car form\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal de vingt jours. Cette exigence proc\u00e9durale est imp\u00e9rative pour garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique de l’instruction du dossier par la commission.<\/p>\n

La v\u00e9rification de la cr\u00e9ance trouve son fondement dans des textes pr\u00e9cis. La commission doit informer le d\u00e9biteur de l’\u00e9tat du passif qu’elle a dress\u00e9. “Le d\u00e9biteur qui conteste cet \u00e9tat dispose d’un d\u00e9lai de 20 jours pour demander \u00e0 la commission la saisine du juge des contentieux de la protection, aux fins de v\u00e9rification de la validit\u00e9 des cr\u00e9ances, des titres qui les constatent et du montant des sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es” (Motifs, point 1). Ce d\u00e9lai court \u00e0 compter de la notification de l’\u00e9tat des dettes, assurant une r\u00e9action rapide du d\u00e9biteur.<\/p>\n

L’extinction du droit \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification par un fait post\u00e9rieur<\/p>\n

Le juge analyse ensuite le bien-fond\u00e9 de la demande au regard d’un \u00e9l\u00e9ment nouveau. Une d\u00e9cision de cour d’appel intervenue post\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la saisine modifie la situation juridique. Cette d\u00e9cision a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le d\u00e9biteur irrecevable au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de la proc\u00e9dure de surendettement. D\u00e8s lors, l’objet m\u00eame de la v\u00e9rification de cr\u00e9ances dispara\u00eet, car celle-ci est accessoire \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure principale d\u00e9sormais close.<\/p>\n

La jurisprudence confirme cette approche selon laquelle l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 rend la v\u00e9rification sans objet. Un tribunal a d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9 qu’une “v\u00e9rification de cr\u00e9ances sollicit\u00e9e est devenue sans objet” suite \u00e0 une d\u00e9claration d’irrecevabilit\u00e9 (Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00021). Le juge des contentieux de la protection applique ce principe en l’esp\u00e8ce. Il constate que la proc\u00e9dure est devenue sans objet compte tenu de l’arr\u00eat de la cour d’appel.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e d’une d\u00e9cision d\u00e9clarant l’absence d’objet<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision illustre le caract\u00e8re accessoire de la v\u00e9rification de cr\u00e9ances. Cette mesure n’a d’utilit\u00e9 que dans le cadre d’une proc\u00e9dure de surendettement ouverte et recevable. La v\u00e9rification “est op\u00e9r\u00e9e pour les besoins de la proc\u00e9dure et afin de permettre \u00e0 la commission de poursuivre sa mission” (Motifs, point 2). Si la proc\u00e9dure principale s’\u00e9teint, l’accessoire suit le sort du principal et ne peut survivre ind\u00e9pendamment.<\/p>\n

La solution adopt\u00e9e souligne l’importance de la condition de recevabilit\u00e9 initiale. La jurisprudence rappelle que “la recevabilit\u00e9 devant s\u2019appr\u00e9cier au moment o\u00f9 il s\u2019agit de statuer” (Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/00251). Le juge doit donc tenir compte des \u00e9l\u00e9ments affectant la recevabilit\u00e9 jusqu’au dernier moment. Une d\u00e9cision d’irrecevabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive rendue en cours d’instance an\u00e9antit toute mesure d’instruction ult\u00e9rieure, y compris la v\u00e9rification de cr\u00e9ances.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en mati\u00e8re de surendettement, rend une d\u00e9cision le 18 septembre 2025. 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