{"id":670276,"date":"2026-04-24T07:35:31","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-06178\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T07:35:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:35:31","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-06178","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-06178\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/06178"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 18 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 un litige relatif \u00e0 la vente d’un appareil laser m\u00e9dical professionnel. L’acqu\u00e9reur, un m\u00e9decin, invoquait successivement la garantie des vices cach\u00e9s et la garantie l\u00e9gale de conformit\u00e9 face \u00e0 des dysfonctionnements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s. Le vendeur contestait l’existence d’un vice cach\u00e9 et l’application du droit de la consommation. La juridiction a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 l’acheteuse de l’ensemble de ses demandes, retenant l’absence de preuve des conditions des garanties invoqu\u00e9es et la qualit\u00e9 non consommatrice de l’acqu\u00e9reur.<\/p>\n

La preuve insuffisante du vice cach\u00e9<\/p>\n

L’exigence probatoire pesant sur l’acheteur. L’article 1641 du code civil impose \u00e0 l’acheteur de rapporter la preuve d’un d\u00e9faut grave, inh\u00e9rent et ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la vente. Le tribunal rappelle cette charge probatoire lorsque ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont contest\u00e9s. En l’absence d’expertise, la demanderesse ne peut \u00e9tablir l’origine intrins\u00e8que et ant\u00e9rieure des dysfonctionnements. La d\u00e9cision souligne ainsi la rigueur n\u00e9cessaire dans la d\u00e9monstration des caract\u00e8res du vice cach\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L’absence de d\u00e9monstration du caract\u00e8re grave du d\u00e9faut. La gravit\u00e9 du vice, qui doit rendre la chose impropre \u00e0 son usage, n’est pas \u00e9tablie. Le tribunal rel\u00e8ve un usage intensif et continu de l’appareil sur deux ann\u00e9es. “La preuve n\u2019est donc pas rapport\u00e9e que les d\u00e9fauts ont rendu l\u2019appareil impropre \u00e0 sa destination” (Motifs). L’acheteuse ne produit qu’une seule attestation de report de s\u00e9ance, insuffisante pour caract\u00e9riser une impropri\u00e9t\u00e9. Ce raisonnement montre que l’utilisation effective du bien peut neutraliser l’apparence de gravit\u00e9 des anomalies signal\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’inapplicabilit\u00e9 de la garantie l\u00e9gale de conformit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9finition restrictive de la qualit\u00e9 de consommateur. Le tribunal \u00e9carte l’application des articles L.217-1 et suivants du code de la consommation. Il se fonde sur la d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale du consommateur. “On entend par consommateur toute personne physique qui agit \u00e0 des fins qui n’entrent pas dans le cadre de son activit\u00e9 commerciale, industrielle, artisanale, lib\u00e9rale ou agricole” (Motifs, citant l’article liminaire du code de la consommation). L’acheteuse, m\u00e9decin lib\u00e9ral, a acquis l’appareil pour son activit\u00e9 professionnelle. Cette qualification stricte r\u00e9serve la protection du code de la consommation aux seuls non-professionnels.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e des garanties dans les relations entre professionnels. En constatant que l’appareil a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquis “dans le cadre de sa profession de m\u00e9decin lib\u00e9ral”, le tribunal d\u00e9nie \u00e0 l’acheteuse la qualit\u00e9 de consommateur. Par cons\u00e9quent, le r\u00e9gime protecteur de la conformit\u00e9 n’est pas applicable. Cette solution rappelle que les relations entre professionnels rel\u00e8vent du droit commun des contrats. Elle renforce la fronti\u00e8re entre le droit de la consommation et le droit civil commercial, prot\u00e9geant l’application sp\u00e9ciale de la premi\u00e8re branche.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision illustre la s\u00e9paration nette entre le r\u00e9gime civil des vices cach\u00e9s et le r\u00e9gime consum\u00e9riste de la conformit\u00e9. Elle rappelle la charge de preuve exigeante pesant sur l’acheteur professionnel et la d\u00e9finition stricte du consommateur. Son apport r\u00e9side dans l’analyse concr\u00e8te de la gravit\u00e9 du vice au regard de l’usage effectif du bien. Cette jurisprudence incite les acheteurs professionnels \u00e0 diligenter rapidement une expertise en cas de litige sur la qualit\u00e9 de la chose vendue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 18 septembre 2025, a examin\u00e9 un litige relatif \u00e0 la vente d’un appareil laser m\u00e9dical professionnel. 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