{"id":670283,"date":"2026-04-24T07:36:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-03560\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T16:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T14:34:12","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-03560","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-03560\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/03560"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, statuant le 3 juillet 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’un litige opposant deux associations \u0153uvrant dans le domaine de la bande dessin\u00e9e. L’association demanderesse reprochait \u00e0 son ancien pr\u00e9sident et \u00e0 sa nouvelle structure d’avoir usurp\u00e9 la marque d\u00e9signant un festival ainsi que ses outils de communication. La juridiction a d\u00fb trancher des questions de revendication de marque, de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 et de concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/a> par parasitisme. Elle a accueilli en grande partie les demandes de l’association fondatrice, ordonnant le transfert de la marque et condamnant les d\u00e9fendeurs pour leurs agissements fautifs.<\/p>\n

La revendication d’une marque d\u00e9pos\u00e9e de mauvaise foi<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle les conditions de l’action en revendication pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article L. 712-6 du code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Cette action est ouverte lorsque l’enregistrement a \u00e9t\u00e9 demand\u00e9 en fraude des droits d’un tiers, le d\u00e9p\u00f4t \u00e9tant consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme frauduleux s’il vise \u00e0 nuire en privant un tiers d’un signe qu’il utilise. Pour fonder sa d\u00e9cision, la juridiction rel\u00e8ve plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9montrant la mauvaise foi du d\u00e9posant. Celui-ci, ancien pr\u00e9sident de l’association demanderesse, a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 la marque peu apr\u00e8s la fin de son mandat, tout en ayant pleinement connaissance de son usage ant\u00e9rieur et continu. La preuve de l’intention de nuire est \u00e9tablie par le fait que “M [H], rappelant qu’il \u00e9tait ancien pr\u00e9sident de l’association ABD, a \u00e9galement sollicit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de France BENEVOLAT une subvention pour l’organisation de ‘ [Localit\u00e9 11]'” (Motifs, \u00a71). Ces agissements d\u00e9montrent une volont\u00e9 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de s’approprier la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 d’autrui.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est significative en mati\u00e8re de droit des marques. Elle rappelle que la bonne foi du d\u00e9posant est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central pour appr\u00e9cier la lic\u00e9it\u00e9 de l’enregistrement. La d\u00e9cision souligne qu’un dirigeant associatif ne peut valablement d\u00e9poser \u00e0 son profit un signe utilis\u00e9 par l’association qu’il a dirig\u00e9e. La solution consacre une protection robuste des signes utilis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re continue, m\u00eame sans enregistrement formel, contre les appropriations d\u00e9loyales par des anciens membres. Elle pr\u00e9vient ainsi les comportements opportunistes au sein des structures associatives, o\u00f9 la confiance et la loyaut\u00e9 sont primordiales.<\/p>\n

La sanction du parasitisme et ses cons\u00e9quences indemnitaires<\/p>\n

Le tribunal retient la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9lictuelle des d\u00e9fendeurs sur le fondement du parasitisme. Il d\u00e9finit ce concept comme un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale par lequel une entit\u00e9 “se place dans le sillage d’une autre afin de tirer profit de ses efforts, de son savoir-faire et de sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9 sans effectuer aucun investissement” (Motifs, \u00a73). Les juges constatent une imitation des logos, avec reprise de la charte graphique et des codes couleurs, ainsi que l’appropriation des noms de domaine et de la page Facebook associ\u00e9s au festival. Ces agissements cr\u00e9ent une confusion dans l’esprit du public et des partenaires financiers, portant pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 l’association victime.<\/p>\n

La valeur de cette qualification r\u00e9side dans son application au secteur associatif non marchand. Le tribunal \u00e9tend la logique commerciale du parasitisme \u00e0 la captation de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 et de subventions. Il rejoint en cela une jurisprudence qui sanctionne les comportements contraires \u00e0 la loyaut\u00e9, comme l’a rappel\u00e9 la Cour d’appel de Paris en indiquant que des actes “cr\u00e9ant la confusion dans l’esprit des consommateurs et pla\u00e7ant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 […] dans le sillage de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieure” sont constitutifs de concurrence parasitaire (Cour d’appel de Paris, le 24 octobre 2023, n\u00b022\/20719). Sur le plan indemnitaire, la d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre les pr\u00e9judices. Elle rejette la demande de r\u00e9paration d’un pr\u00e9judice \u00e9conomique faute de preuve du lien de causalit\u00e9, mais alloue des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour le pr\u00e9judice de d\u00e9sorganisation, \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 20 000 euros. Elle reconna\u00eet \u00e9galement un pr\u00e9judice moral distinct, li\u00e9 \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de nuire, et le r\u00e9pare \u00e0 hauteur de 8 000 euros. Cette analyse affine la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice moral en cas de faute intentionnelle, au-del\u00e0 du simple trouble commercial.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, statuant le 3 juillet 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’un litige opposant deux associations \u0153uvrant dans le domaine de la bande dess…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68cc7a669da36895046bd2e1","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68cc7a669da36895046bd2e1","_kj_judilibre_id":"68cc7a669da36895046bd2e1","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Ch. 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