{"id":682581,"date":"2026-04-25T17:43:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-06134\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T17:43:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:43:06","slug":"cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-06134","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-montpellier-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-06134\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Montpellier, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/06134"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Montpellier, dans un arr\u00eat du 25 septembre 2025, statue sur un pourvoi relatif \u00e0 la liquidation d’une astreinte. Un exploitant agricole sollicitait la liquidation d\u00e9finitive d’une astreinte pour une p\u00e9riode post\u00e9rieure \u00e0 une premi\u00e8re liquidation. La cour confirme l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de la demande pour la p\u00e9riode d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9e. Elle rejette \u00e9galement la demande portant sur la p\u00e9riode ult\u00e9rieure, faute de titre ex\u00e9cutoire \u00e9tablissant une nouvelle astreinte. La cour \u00e9carte enfin la demande en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour proc\u00e9dure abusive.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation pr\u00e9cise de l’objet du litige par les conclusions<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle d’abord le principe selon lequel elle ne statue que sur les pr\u00e9tentions \u00e9nonc\u00e9es dans le dispositif des conclusions. Elle pr\u00e9cise que les demandes tendant \u00e0 faire “constater” ou “prendre acte” ne constituent pas des pr\u00e9tentions au sens de l’article 4 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. La cour n’a donc pas \u00e0 statuer sur une demande de prise d’acte d’un d\u00e9sistement partiel. Elle constate ensuite que les seules pr\u00e9tentions de l’appelant concernent la liquidation d’une astreinte pour une obligation sp\u00e9cifique. La demande de voir “juger qu’il a vers\u00e9 aux d\u00e9bats les preuves” n’est qu’un moyen et non une pr\u00e9tention autonome.<\/p>\n

Cette analyse restrictive consacre une application stricte des articles 4 et 954 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle vise \u00e0 garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique et la loyaut\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats en circonscrivant le champ du litige. La jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure confirme cette approche en soulignant que l’instance se poursuit pour les demandes non d\u00e9sist\u00e9es. “Les d\u00e9sistements n’\u00e9tant que partiels, l’instance se poursuit pour les autres demandes” (Cour d’appel de Metz, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/02515). La port\u00e9e de cette solution est essentielle pour la pratique proc\u00e9durale. Elle oblige les parties \u00e0 formuler leurs demandes de mani\u00e8re claire et compl\u00e8te dans le dispositif de leurs conclusions.<\/p>\n

L’autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e et les conditions d’une nouvelle liquidation d’astreinte<\/p>\n

La cour examine ensuite l’opposabilit\u00e9 de l’autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e \u00e0 la nouvelle demande. Elle rappelle que la d\u00e9cision du juge de l’ex\u00e9cution liquidant une astreinte a pleine autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e. Elle constate que la premi\u00e8re demande portait sur la liquidation de l’astreinte provisoire pour une p\u00e9riode d\u00e9termin\u00e9e de quatre-vingt-dix jours. La nouvelle demande, qualifi\u00e9e de “d\u00e9finitive”, porte sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode et la m\u00eame obligation. La cour estime donc que le premier juge a correctement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 cette demande irrecevable. Elle confirme ainsi le jugement en pr\u00e9cisant le champ de l’irrecevabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La cour admet en revanche la recevabilit\u00e9 d’une demande portant sur une p\u00e9riode post\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle d\u00e9j\u00e0 liquid\u00e9e. Elle \u00e9carte donc la fin de non-recevoir tir\u00e9e de l’autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e pour cette nouvelle p\u00e9riode. Cependant, elle rejette cette demande sur le fond. Elle souligne que l’appelant ne peut solliciter la liquidation d’une astreinte d\u00e9finitive sans titre ex\u00e9cutoire en \u00e9tablissant une nouvelle. L’ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 initiale ne pronon\u00e7ait qu’une astreinte provisoire limit\u00e9e dans le temps. La cour rappelle \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard un principe essentiel. “L’autorit\u00e9 de la chose jug\u00e9e attach\u00e9e \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision de liquidation d’astreinte ne fait pas obstacle \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation d’une nouvelle demande de liquidation pour la p\u00e9riode post\u00e9rieure, d\u00e8s lors que l’astreinte n’\u00e9tait pas limit\u00e9e dans le temps et que l’obligation qui en \u00e9tait assortie n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e” (Cass. Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 19 juin 2025, n\u00b023-23.251). En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’astreinte \u00e9tant limit\u00e9e, le principe ne trouve pas \u00e0 s’appliquer.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des demandes subsidiaires et la condamnation aux frais<\/p>\n

La cour rejette la demande de fixation d’une nouvelle astreinte d\u00e9finitive. Elle estime que l’obligation de recalibrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e, s’appuyant sur un constat d’huissier contradictoire. Les pi\u00e8ces produites par l’appelant ne d\u00e9montrent pas l’inex\u00e9cution persistante de l’obligation pr\u00e9cise. La cour \u00e9carte \u00e9galement la demande en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour proc\u00e9dure abusive. Elle retient que l’appelant a fait une appr\u00e9ciation inexacte de ses droits sans mauvaise foi patente. La simple erreur ne caract\u00e9rise pas l’abus de droit d’agir en justice. Enfin, la cour condamne l’appelant, succombant, \u00e0 payer une somme au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile et aux d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat pr\u00e9cise les conditions de recevabilit\u00e9 d’une demande de liquidation d’astreinte apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re d\u00e9cision. Il rappelle la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un titre ex\u00e9cutoire \u00e9tablissant une nouvelle astreinte pour une p\u00e9riode ult\u00e9rieure. La solution renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en \u00e9vitant les demandes r\u00e9p\u00e9titives sur un m\u00eame objet. Elle souligne \u00e9galement l’exigence d’une formulation pr\u00e9cise des pr\u00e9tentions dans les conclusions. La port\u00e9e pratique de cette d\u00e9cision est significative pour les cr\u00e9anciers souhaitant contraindre l’ex\u00e9cution d’une obligation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Montpellier, dans un arr\u00eat du 25 septembre 2025, statue sur un pourvoi relatif \u00e0 la liquidation d’une astreinte. Un exploitant agricole so…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68cce84fba63873187f76820","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68cce84fba63873187f76820","_kj_judilibre_id":"68cce84fba63873187f76820","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Montpellier","_kj_chambre":"2e chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/06134","_kj_date":"2025-09-18","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-682581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Montpellier, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/06134 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Montpellier, dans un arr\u00eat du 25 septembre 2025, statue sur un pourvoi relatif \u00e0 la liquidation d'une astreinte. 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