{"id":682650,"date":"2026-04-25T17:48:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-10-avril-2025-n24-04076\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T17:48:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:48:32","slug":"cour-dappel-de-douai-le-10-avril-2025-n24-04076","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-10-avril-2025-n24-04076\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Douai, le 10 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/04076"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d\u2019appel de Douai, le 10 avril 2025, confirme un jugement rejetant une action en nullit\u00e9 d\u2019un acte de pr\u00e9emption. Un propri\u00e9taire ayant consenti une promesse de vente sous condition contestait la d\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9emption d\u2019une SAFER. La juridiction examine la fin de non-recevoir oppos\u00e9e pour d\u00e9faut d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir. Elle estime que le retrait notifi\u00e9 du bien de la vente prive le promettant de tout int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime. L\u2019arr\u00eat confirme donc l\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9 de sa demande et condamne l\u2019appelant aux d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

Le formalisme imp\u00e9ratif de la notification
\nLe cadre proc\u00e9dural de la pr\u00e9emption agricole impose des r\u00e8gles de notification strictes. Le l\u00e9gislateur a confi\u00e9 un r\u00f4le central au notaire instrumentaire pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00e9changes. “Selon les articles L.143-10 et R143-4 du code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime, la SAFER doit \u00eatre inform\u00e9e par le notaire instrumentaire de la promesse de vente et que c’est \u00e0 ce dernier qu’elle doit adresser sa d\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9emption.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Le notaire est ainsi l\u2019unique canal de communication opposable \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019am\u00e9nagement foncier. Cette formalit\u00e9 garantit une date certaine et une authenticit\u00e9 des volont\u00e9s exprim\u00e9es. La valeur de cette r\u00e8gle est d\u2019ordre public pour s\u00e9curiser la proc\u00e9dure de pr\u00e9emption. Elle \u00e9carte toute preuve ou notification \u00e9manant d\u2019un autre interm\u00e9diaire, f\u00fbt-il un autre notaire. La port\u00e9e en est l\u2019opposabilit\u00e9 absolue des actes r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement notifi\u00e9s par le notaire d\u00e9sign\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La perte d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat cons\u00e9cutive au retrait
\nL\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir doit exister au jour du jugement et \u00eatre personnel et l\u00e9gitime. En cas de retrait du bien, le fondement de l\u2019action dispara\u00eet. “Il est de jurisprudence constante que le promettant n’a plus int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir \u00e0 l’encontre de la d\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9emption de la SAFER d\u00e8s lors que cette derni\u00e8re s’est vue priv\u00e9e d’effet \u00e0 raison du retrait du bien de la vente.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). L\u2019arr\u00eat applique ce principe en relevant la notification incontest\u00e9e du retrait. Le propri\u00e9taire ne d\u00e9montre pas avoir donn\u00e9 d\u2019instruction contraire au notaire instrumentaire. Son int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire annuler un acte devenu sans objet n\u2019est donc pas \u00e9tabli. La solution pr\u00e9vient les actions dilatoires contre des actes d\u00e9sormais inop\u00e9rants. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence stabilis\u00e9e sur l\u2019extinction des droits du promettant. “Pour autant, d\u00e8s lors que le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d’une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente sous condition suspensive du non-exercice d’un droit de pr\u00e9emption n’a pas lev\u00e9 l’option, l’annulation par la juridiction administrative de la d\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9emption ne lui conf\u00e8re aucun droit \u00e0 l’annulation de la vente conclue entre le promettant et le titulaire du droit de pr\u00e9emption (Civ. 3\u00e8me, 22 septembre 2010, n\u00b0 09-14.817), ce dont il s’inf\u00e8re que l’ancien b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de la promesse est irrecevable \u00e0 agir en nullit\u00e9 de la vente (Civ. 3\u00e8me, 1er octobre 2020, n\u00b0 19-20.628).” (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 10 avril 2025, n\u00b021\/02715). La port\u00e9e est claire : un acte priv\u00e9 d\u2019effet ne peut plus \u00eatre utilement contest\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation souveraine des preuves
\nLa cour proc\u00e8de \u00e0 une analyse comparative des \u00e9l\u00e9ments vers\u00e9s aux d\u00e9bats. Elle oppose la clart\u00e9 des notifications d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 des assertions du propri\u00e9taire. “La comparaison entre la clart\u00e9 des pi\u00e8ces produites attestant d’une d\u00e9cision de retrait de vente prise \u00e0 l’initiative de M. [T] et l’ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de ses assertions quant au contenu et \u00e0 la port\u00e9e r\u00e9elle des instructions qu’il aurait donn\u00e9es ne permettent pas d’affirmer avec certitude que la d\u00e9cision de retrait de la promesse a \u00e9t\u00e9 unilat\u00e9ralement prise par la notaire, elle-m\u00eame absente de la cause, ni m\u00eame qu’une instruction, autre qu’un retrait pur et simple, ait \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9e.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Les juges du fond usent de leur pouvoir souverain pour d\u00e9partager les preuves. Ils estiment que le propri\u00e9taire n\u2019a pas rapport\u00e9 la preuve d\u2019une instruction de maintien de la vente. La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se sur la partie qui invoque un fait pour fonder sa pr\u00e9tention. La valeur de cette analyse est d\u2019assurer la pr\u00e9\u00e9minence des actes authentiques sur de simples all\u00e9gations. La port\u00e9e en est le renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des notifications notariales.<\/p>\n

La sanction proc\u00e9durale et son effectivit\u00e9
\nLe d\u00e9faut d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir constitue une fin de non-recevoir qui \u00e9vite un examen au fond. La cour confirme cette irrecevabilit\u00e9 et en sanctionne les cons\u00e9quences p\u00e9cuniaires. “M. [T] \u00e9choue ainsi \u00e0 justifier du maintien de sa qualit\u00e9 de promettant ainsi que, par voie de cons\u00e9quence, de son int\u00e9r\u00eat pour contester la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de l’acte de pr\u00e9emption d\u00e9sormais priv\u00e9 de tout effet juridique.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). L\u2019appelant est condamn\u00e9 aux d\u00e9pens et \u00e0 une somme au titre de l\u2019article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Cette condamnation vise \u00e0 indemniser partiellement la SAFER de ses frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles. La sanction a une fonction pr\u00e9ventive et dissuasive contre les recours infond\u00e9s. Elle assure l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure et la bonne administration de la justice. La port\u00e9e est de rappeler que l\u2019exercice abusif de l\u2019action en justice engendre une responsabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d\u2019appel de Douai, le 10 avril 2025, confirme un jugement rejetant une action en nullit\u00e9 d\u2019un acte de pr\u00e9emption. Un propri\u00e9taire ayant consenti une p…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68cceaa845766601b4df62f5","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68cceaa845766601b4df62f5","_kj_judilibre_id":"68cceaa845766601b4df62f5","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel d'Amiens","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/04076","_kj_date":"2025-09-18","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-682650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Douai, le 10 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/04076 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d\u2019appel de Douai, le 10 avril 2025, confirme un jugement rejetant une action en nullit\u00e9 d\u2019un acte de pr\u00e9emption. 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