{"id":682763,"date":"2026-04-25T17:53:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-04421\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T17:53:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:53:25","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-04421","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-18-septembre-2025-n22-04421\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/04421"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, a examin\u00e9 un litige opposant l’Office national d’indemnisation des accidents m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0 un assureur. L’office, subrog\u00e9 dans les droits d’une victime contamin\u00e9e par le virus de l’h\u00e9patite C, r\u00e9clamait la garantie de l’assureur du centre de transfusion sanguine ayant fourni les produits. La cour a infirm\u00e9 le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance pour condamner l’assureur, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9tabli l’origine transfusionnelle de la contamination et le d\u00e9faut de preuve de l’innocuit\u00e9 des produits.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9somption l\u00e9gale d’imputabilit\u00e9 transfusionnelle<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime probatoire favorable \u00e0 la victime<\/p>\n

Le droit applicable instaure un m\u00e9canisme probatoire d\u00e9rogatoire au profit des victimes de contaminations transfusionnelles anciennes. L’article 102 de la loi du 4 mars 2002 pr\u00e9voit que le demandeur apporte des \u00e9l\u00e9ments permettant de pr\u00e9sumer l’origine transfusionnelle. “Au vu de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, il incombe \u00e0 la partie d\u00e9fenderesse de prouver que cette transfusion ou cette injection n’est pas \u00e0 l’origine de la contamination” (Article 102 de la loi n\u00b0 2002-303 du 4 mars 2002). La charge de la preuve est ainsi renvers\u00e9e, et le doute b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 la victime. Cette pr\u00e9somption se constitue d\u00e8s qu’un faisceau d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments conf\u00e8re un degr\u00e9 suffisant de vraisemblance \u00e0 l’hypoth\u00e8se transfusionnelle.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation in concreto des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve<\/p>\n

La cour proc\u00e8de \u00e0 une analyse concr\u00e8te des circonstances pour v\u00e9rifier la constitution de ce faisceau d’indices. Elle rel\u00e8ve que la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 des transfusions en 1979 est \u00e9tablie par le courrier du m\u00e9decin anesth\u00e9siste, qui pr\u00e9cise les num\u00e9ros des produits. La cour \u00e9carte les objections de l’assureur concernant l’absence de trace nominative au sein de l’\u00e9tablissement de transfusion. Elle constate \u00e9galement que l’innocuit\u00e9 de l’un des trois produits n’a pu \u00eatre \u00e9tablie, le donneur correspondant n’ayant pas \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9. La pr\u00e9sence d’autres facteurs de risque ant\u00e9rieurs, non quantifi\u00e9s, ne suffit pas \u00e0 renverser la pr\u00e9somption. “Eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 la disposition selon laquelle le doute profite au demandeur, la circonstance que l’int\u00e9ress\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 par ailleurs \u00e0 d’autres facteurs de contamination […] ne saurait faire obstacle \u00e0 la pr\u00e9somption l\u00e9gale que dans le cas o\u00f9 il r\u00e9sulte de l’instruction que la probabilit\u00e9 d’une origine transfusionnelle est manifestement moins \u00e9lev\u00e9e que celle d’une origine \u00e9trang\u00e8re aux transfusions” (CE, 19 octobre 2011, n\u00b0 339670 ; Civ. 1\u00e8re, 26 juin 2024, n\u00b0 23-13.255). La cour en d\u00e9duit que l’origine transfusionnelle est suffisamment vraisemblable.<\/p>\n

Les conditions de la garantie de l’assureur<\/p>\n

L’engagement solidaire de la garantie assurancielle<\/p>\n

Le recours subrogatoire de l’office contre l’assureur est encadr\u00e9 par l’article L. 1221-14 du code de la sant\u00e9 publique. Ce texte organise une garantie solidaire des assureurs d\u00e8s lors que certaines conditions sont remplies. “Les assureurs \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard desquels il est d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la structure qu’ils assurent a fourni au moins un produit sanguin labile ou m\u00e9dicament d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du sang, administr\u00e9 \u00e0 la victime, et dont l’innocuit\u00e9 n’est pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9e, sont solidairement tenus de garantir l’office” (Article L. 1221-14, alin\u00e9a 8, du code de la sant\u00e9 publique). La jurisprudence en pr\u00e9cise les modalit\u00e9s d’application. “Il r\u00e9sulte des septi\u00e8me et huiti\u00e8me alin\u00e9a de l’article L. 1221-14 pr\u00e9cit\u00e9 que la garantie de l’assureur est due \u00e0 l’ONIAM, lorsque l’origine transfusionnelle d’une contamination est admise, que l’\u00e9tablissement de transfusion sanguine qu’il assure a fourni au moins un produit administr\u00e9 \u00e0 la victime pendant la p\u00e9riode couverte par la garantie et que la preuve que ce produit n’\u00e9tait pas contamin\u00e9 n’a pu \u00eatre rapport\u00e9e” (Cour d’appel de Paris, le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b023\/13526). L’office n’a ainsi pas \u00e0 diviser ses poursuites entre les diff\u00e9rents assureurs concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre concr\u00e8te de l’obligation de garantie<\/p>\n

En l’esp\u00e8ce, la cour applique strictement ces conditions cumulatives. L’origine transfusionnelle \u00e9tant admise par pr\u00e9somption, elle v\u00e9rifie que le centre de transfusion a bien fourni un produit pendant la p\u00e9riode de garantie du contrat. L’administration des produits en 1979, ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 le contrat \u00e9tait en cours, est \u00e9tablie. Surtout, l’innocuit\u00e9 de l’un des produits n’ayant pu \u00eatre d\u00e9montr\u00e9e, la condition essentielle est satisfaite. La cour rejette ensuite les arguments de l’assureur contestant le montant des indemnit\u00e9s vers\u00e9es par l’office. Elle estime que les protocoles transactionnels, d\u00e9taill\u00e9s et coh\u00e9rents avec l’expertise, sont opposables \u00e0 l’assureur en vertu de l’article L. 1221-14. L’assureur \u00e9choue enfin \u00e0 prouver l’existence d’un plafond de garantie contractuel, faute d’avoir produit les conditions du contrat. L’obligation de garantie est donc retenue dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9, avec les int\u00e9r\u00eats correspondants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, a examin\u00e9 un litige opposant l’Office national d’indemnisation des accidents m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0 un assureur….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68cce4a0b7592eecca5b8edb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68cce4a0b7592eecca5b8edb","_kj_judilibre_id":"68cce4a0b7592eecca5b8edb","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Versailles","_kj_chambre":"Chambre civile 1-3","_kj_rg":"22\/04421","_kj_date":"2025-09-18","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-682763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 18 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/04421 - 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