{"id":683207,"date":"2026-04-25T18:28:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-31-mars-2025-n23-00700\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T18:28:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:28:37","slug":"cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-31-mars-2025-n23-00700","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-toulouse-le-31-mars-2025-n23-00700\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, n\u00b023\/00700"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, statue sur un pourvoi contre une d\u00e9cision de la CIVI. La juridiction inf\u00e9rieure avait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 irrecevable une demande d’indemnisation pour forclusion. La victime soutenait que le d\u00e9lai n’avait pas correctement couru. La cour d’appel infirme la d\u00e9cision sur la recevabilit\u00e9 mais d\u00e9boute la victime au fond.<\/p>\n

Le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de saisine de la CIVI<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du point de d\u00e9part conditionne la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande. L’article 706-5 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale pr\u00e9voit un d\u00e9lai d’un an apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9cision d\u00e9finitive de la juridiction r\u00e9pressive. La cour pr\u00e9cise l’application de ce texte en cas d’avis formel. Elle rappelle que “lorsque des poursuites p\u00e9nales sont exerc\u00e9es, ce d\u00e9lai est prorog\u00e9 et il n’expire qu’un an apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9cision de la juridiction qui a statu\u00e9 d\u00e9finitivement sur l’action publique” (Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, n\u00b024\/01503). La solution prot\u00e8ge la victime qui n’a pas re\u00e7u une information claire et opportune.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est significative pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique. La cour retient que le d\u00e9lai court \u00e0 compter de la d\u00e9livrance effective de l’avis \u00e9crit. Elle constate qu’aucune mention “n’indique toutefois que cet avis aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la d\u00e9livrance du jugement \u00e9crit”. L’information orale \u00e0 l’audience n’est pas pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e. Cette interpr\u00e9tation stricte rejoint une jurisprudence constante de la Cour de cassation. Cette derni\u00e8re a jug\u00e9 qu’une “mention erron\u00e9e figurant dans l’avis d\u00e9livr\u00e9 en application de l’article 706-15 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, selon laquelle le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de saisine de la CIVI pr\u00e9vu par l’article 706-5 du m\u00eame code est la date \u00e0 laquelle le jugement contenant l’avis devient d\u00e9finitif, a pour effet de ne pas faire courir le d\u00e9lai du recours” (Cass. Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 29 mars 2018, n\u00b017-14.980). La cour garantit ainsi l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 indemnisation.<\/p>\n

La preuve de la situation mat\u00e9rielle ou psychologique grave<\/p>\n

Le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l’indemnisation est subordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 une condition de gravit\u00e9. L’article 706-14 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale exige une situation grave li\u00e9e \u00e0 l’infraction. La victime doit rapporter la preuve d’un pr\u00e9judice non r\u00e9par\u00e9 et d’une d\u00e9tresse actuelle. La cour examine successivement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments mat\u00e9riels et psychologiques produits. Elle op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le strict du lien de causalit\u00e9 et de l’imputabilit\u00e9 directe. La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se int\u00e9gralement sur le demandeur \u00e0 l’indemnisation.<\/p>\n

La valeur de ce raisonnement r\u00e9side dans l’exigence d’un lien certain et direct. Pour la situation mat\u00e9rielle, la cour estime que les documents produits sont “inop\u00e9rants \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer une situation mat\u00e9rielle grave en lien avec les faits commis plus de dix ann\u00e9es auparavant”. Les attestations de pr\u00eat et d’h\u00e9bergement gratuit, sans \u00e9l\u00e9ments de comparaison patrimoniale, sont jug\u00e9es insuffisantes. S’agissant de la sant\u00e9, le certificat m\u00e9dical est \u00e9cart\u00e9 car il ne date “pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l’\u00e9tat de stress”. La cour exige une d\u00e9monstration concr\u00e8te et contemporaine du pr\u00e9judice all\u00e9gu\u00e9. Cette rigueur proc\u00e9durale vise \u00e0 r\u00e9server l’indemnisation aux situations les plus critiques.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette exigence est de limiter l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’indemnisation par la CIVI. Le fonds de garantie est con\u00e7u comme un ultime recours. La cour rappelle que la seule condamnation p\u00e9nale au civil ne suffit pas. Le pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9parable doit \u00eatre distinct et r\u00e9sulter d’une incapacit\u00e9 totale de travail ou d’une grave d\u00e9tresse. Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive peut sembler s\u00e9v\u00e8re pour la victime. Elle s’inscrit cependant dans le cadre l\u00e9gal d\u00e9fini pour le FGTI. La d\u00e9cision rappelle la nature subsidiaire de cette indemnisation par rapport aux voies de droit commun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, statue sur un pourvoi contre une d\u00e9cision de la CIVI. La juridiction inf\u00e9rieure avait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 irrecevable une d…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68cb9358cec9e28b92f667bb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68cb9358cec9e28b92f667bb","_kj_judilibre_id":"68cb9358cec9e28b92f667bb","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Toulouse","_kj_chambre":"3\u00e8me chambre","_kj_rg":"23\/00700","_kj_date":"2025-09-17","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, n\u00b023\/00700 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Toulouse, le 31 mars 2025, statue sur un pourvoi contre une d\u00e9cision de la CIVI. 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