{"id":683948,"date":"2026-04-25T19:12:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-18-juillet-2024-n24-01580\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:12:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:12:37","slug":"cour-dappel-le-18-juillet-2024-n24-01580","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-18-juillet-2024-n24-01580\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 18 juillet 2024, n\u00b024\/01580"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d’appel de Metz, 3 juillet 2025. Saisie de l’appel d’une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 18 juillet 2024, la juridiction a confirm\u00e9 l’expulsion d’un occupant et l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation. Le litige porte sur la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l\u2019assignation et sur l\u2019existence all\u00e9gu\u00e9e d\u2019un pr\u00eat \u00e0 usage excluant la qualification d\u2019occupation sans droit ni titre.<\/p>\n

Les faits tiennent \u00e0 l\u2019occupation d\u2019un logement par l\u2019appelant, constat\u00e9e \u00e0 compter du 30 janvier 2024 par proc\u00e8s-verbal de commissaire de justice. Le propri\u00e9taire a sollicit\u00e9 l\u2019expulsion et une indemnit\u00e9. L\u2019appelant a soutenu avoir b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une mise \u00e0 disposition gratuite pour r\u00e9nover le bien durant une incarc\u00e9ration, formalise\u0301e par un manuscrit dat\u00e9 de 2020, produit en copie.<\/p>\n

La proc\u00e9dure a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e par assignation du 4 mars 2024, suivie d\u2019une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ordonnant la lib\u00e9ration des lieux et fixant une provision mensuelle. L\u2019appel a \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9 le 14 ao\u00fbt 2024. L\u2019intim\u00e9 n\u2019a pas conclu dans le d\u00e9lai. La cl\u00f4ture est intervenue le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, l\u2019audience s\u2019\u00e9tant tenue le 24 avril 2025.<\/p>\n

L\u2019appelant demandait l\u2019annulation de l\u2019assignation et de l\u2019ordonnance, ainsi que le rejet des pr\u00e9tentions adverses. L\u2019intim\u00e9 sollicitait la confirmation. La question de droit portait, d\u2019abord, sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de la critique de l\u2019assignation eu \u00e9gard aux exigences de l\u2019appel, ensuite sur la preuve du commodat et, partant, sur l\u2019absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La cour rejette la nullit\u00e9, constate l\u2019insuffisance des preuves du commodat et confirme l\u2019expulsion et la provision. Elle rel\u00e8ve que “les conclusions d’appel doivent formuler express\u00e9ment les pr\u00e9tentions des parties”, que “Si l’appelant invoque un pr\u00eat \u00e0 usage, il n’en justifie pas”, et qu\u2019”En cons\u00e9quence l’ordonnance est confirm\u00e9e”.<\/p>\n

I \u2013 Le cadre proc\u00e9dural en appel de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9<\/p>\n

A \u2013 L\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 du moyen de nullit\u00e9 d\u2019assignation<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision rappelle la rigueur de l\u2019article 954 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, dont elle cite l\u2019exigence selon laquelle “les conclusions d’appel doivent formuler express\u00e9ment les pr\u00e9tentions des parties et les moyens de fait et de droit”. Elle rel\u00e8ve ensuite que “En l’esp\u00e8ce, il est constat\u00e9 que l’appelant ne d\u00e9veloppe aucun moyen relatif \u00e0 l’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’assignation”. L\u2019assignation ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e selon l\u2019article 656, aucune irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 n\u2019est retenue. La solution s\u2019\u00e9nonce sans d\u00e9tour: “En cons\u00e9quence la demande de nullit\u00e9 est rejet\u00e9e”.<\/p>\n

Cette motivation est classique et coh\u00e9rente avec l\u2019office du juge d\u2019appel en mati\u00e8re d\u2019instruction \u00e9crite. Elle sanctionne l\u2019absence de moyen pr\u00e9cis, plut\u00f4t que de suppl\u00e9er d\u2019office \u00e0 la carence. La d\u00e9marche favorise la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et \u00e9vite une annulation pour pure forme, d\u00e9pourvue de grief utilement articul\u00e9.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 L\u2019office de la cour en cas de d\u00e9faillance de l\u2019intim\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour combine les articles 954 et 472 du m\u00eame code. Elle souligne que “la partie qui ne conclut pas est r\u00e9put\u00e9e s’approprier les motifs du jugement”. Elle ajoute, dans le m\u00eame mouvement, que “si l’intim\u00e9 ne compara\u00eet pas, il est n\u00e9anmoins statu\u00e9 sur le fond et le juge ne fait droit \u00e0 la demande que dans la mesure o\u00f9 il l’estime r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, recevable et bien fond\u00e9e”. L\u2019absence de conclusions adverses ne vaut donc ni acquiescement, ni pr\u00e9somption de bien-fond\u00e9 imm\u00e9diat.<\/p>\n

Ce rappel r\u00e8gle le cadre du contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9. La cour ne se borne pas \u00e0 ent\u00e9riner, elle v\u00e9rifie le droit et la preuve. Le standard de contr\u00f4le demeure entier, sp\u00e9cialement en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, o\u00f9 l\u2019urgence et l\u2019\u00e9vidence commandent la prudence et la mesure.<\/p>\n

II \u2013 L\u2019occupation sans droit ni titre et la preuve du commodat<\/p>\n

A \u2013 L\u2019absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse et la charge de la preuve<\/p>\n

L\u2019office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s est d\u00e9fini sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9. La cour cite que le juge “peut ordonner en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 toutes les mesures qui ne se heurtent \u00e0 aucune contestation s\u00e9rieuse ou que justifie l’existence d’un diff\u00e9rend”. La charge probatoire est rappel\u00e9e avec nettet\u00e9: “il incombe \u00e0 chaque partie de prouver conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la loi les faits n\u00e9cessaires au succ\u00e8s de sa pr\u00e9tention”.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime du commodat est ensuite expos\u00e9 dans les termes de l\u2019arr\u00eat: “le pr\u00eat \u00e0 usage ou commodat est un contrat par lequel l’une des parties livre une chose \u00e0 l’autre pour s’en servir, \u00e0 la charge par le preneur de la rendre apr\u00e8s s’en \u00eatre servi”. Sa preuve peut \u00eatre libre, mais elle doit convaincre. Or, “Si l’appelant invoque un pr\u00eat \u00e0 usage, il n’en justifie pas”. En r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, ce d\u00e9faut probatoire suffit \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser l\u2019absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse et \u00e0 fonder la mesure d\u2019expulsion.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Les cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019absence de titre: expulsion et indemnit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour s\u2019arr\u00eate sur la valeur probatoire du document produit. Elle juge que “le manuscrit produit en copie et imput\u00e9 \u00e0 l’intim\u00e9 n’est corrobor\u00e9 par aucune autre pi\u00e8ce et est en soi d’une valeur probante insuffisante”. L\u2019argument central de l\u2019appelant s\u2019\u00e9vanouit, faute d\u2019assise objective. La suite logique s\u2019impose: “En cons\u00e9quence, l’ordonnance est confirm\u00e9e”.<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant de la provision, l\u2019arr\u00eat approuve sans r\u00e9serve la motivation initiale: “En l’absence d’\u00e9l\u00e9ment nouveau soumis \u00e0 son appr\u00e9ciation, la cour estime que le premier juge, par des motifs pertinents qu’elle approuve, a fait une exacte appr\u00e9ciation des faits de la cause et des droits des parties”. La condamnation \u00e0 “la somme mensuelle de 500 euros \u00e0 titre d’indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation, \u00e0 compter du 30 janvier 2024 jusqu’\u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration des lieux” est donc confirm\u00e9e, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la nature provisoire des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Les suites accessoires sont align\u00e9es, puisque “Les dispositions de l’ordonnance sur les frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles et les d\u00e9pens sont confirm\u00e9es”.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la d\u00e9cision s\u2019inscrit dans une jurisprudence constante. En r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, l\u2019occupant doit \u00e9tablir un titre probant; \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, l\u2019expulsion peut \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9e. Le raisonnement m\u00e9nage l\u2019exigence de preuve et l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 du droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, tout en rappelant le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre strict de l\u2019office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Ici, la contestation, fond\u00e9e sur une simple copie manuscrite non corrobor\u00e9e, ne franchissait pas le seuil d\u2019\u00e9vidence requis pour paralyser la mesure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de Metz, 3 juillet 2025. Saisie de l’appel d’une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 18 juillet 2024, la juridiction a confirm\u00e9 l’expulsion d’un occupant et…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6867688ddd25744ff781d441","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6867688ddd25744ff781d441","_kj_judilibre_id":"6867688ddd25744ff781d441","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Metz","_kj_chambre":"3\u00e8me chambre","_kj_rg":"24\/01580","_kj_date":"2025-07-03","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 18 juillet 2024, n\u00b024\/01580 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cour d'appel de Metz, 3 juillet 2025. 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