{"id":684012,"date":"2026-04-25T19:16:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-4-avril-2023-n23-01376\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:16:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:16:12","slug":"cour-dappel-le-4-avril-2023-n23-01376","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-4-avril-2023-n23-01376\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 4 avril 2023, n\u00b023\/01376"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d’appel de N\u00eemes, 28 ao\u00fbt 2025, statuant apr\u00e8s jugement du tribunal d’Avignon du 4 avril 2023 sur une assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale tenue pendant l’urgence sanitaire.<\/p>\n

Une assembl\u00e9e du 8 mars 2021 s’est tenue exclusivement par correspondance. Le proc\u00e8s-verbal ne mentionnait ni l’identit\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance, ni celle des scrutateurs.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal d’Avignon, 4 avril 2023, a annul\u00e9 l’assembl\u00e9e pour inobservation de formalit\u00e9s substantielles. Un arr\u00eat du 28 novembre 2024 a r\u00e9gl\u00e9 les incidents d’appel.<\/p>\n

Le syndicat des copropri\u00e9taires a demand\u00e9 l’infirmation. Il a plaid\u00e9 l’application int\u00e9grale de l’article 22-3 de l’ordonnance du 20 mai 2020.<\/p>\n

Les copropri\u00e9taires indivis ont soutenu des convocations irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, l’absence de bureau et l’impossibilit\u00e9 de distinguer pr\u00e9sents et repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La question centrale portait sur la port\u00e9e des d\u00e9rogations temporaires relatives \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence et au proc\u00e8s-verbal des assembl\u00e9es tenues par correspondance.<\/p>\n

La cour a d’abord \u00e9cart\u00e9 les \u00e9critures tardives pour cause de d\u00e9lai expir\u00e9 au regard de l’article 909 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

Puis elle a retenu qu’en p\u00e9riode d\u00e9rogatoire, “Le pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance certifie exacte la feuille de pr\u00e9sence et signe, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant avec le ou les scrutateurs, le proc\u00e8s-verbal des d\u00e9cisions dans les huit jours suivant la tenue de l’assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale”. Aussi, selon l’arr\u00eat, “Ainsi l’article 22-3 pr\u00e9cit\u00e9 d\u00e9roge express\u00e9ment aux dispositions des articles 14, 15 et 17 du d\u00e9cret du 17 mars 1967”.<\/p>\n

I. Le sens de l’arr\u00eat<\/p>\n

A. Le r\u00e9gime d\u00e9rogatoire appliqu\u00e9 aux assembl\u00e9es tenues par correspondance<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision explicite l’articulation entre le d\u00e9cret de 1967 et l’ordonnance du 20 mai 2020. Lorsque le vote se fait sans r\u00e9union, la d\u00e9signation du pr\u00e9sident par l’assembl\u00e9e devient impraticable, d’o\u00f9 l’ajustement normatif.<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle la lettre du texte, qui pr\u00e9cise \u00e9galement que “Lorsque les d\u00e9cisions sont prises au seul moyen du vote par correspondance, le pr\u00e9sident du conseil syndical, ou \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, l’un de ses membres, ou en leur absence, l’un des copropri\u00e9taires votant d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le syndic, assure les missions qui incombent au pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance”. La certification et la signature dans les huit jours se substituent au rituel de fin de s\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n

Cette lecture, centr\u00e9e sur la faisabilit\u00e9, pr\u00e9serve l’effectivit\u00e9 de la gouvernance en p\u00e9riode d’entrave sanitaire. Elle subordonne la validit\u00e9 aux deux points cardinaux du r\u00e9gime d\u00e9rogatoire, \u00e0 savoir la certification et la signature dans le d\u00e9lai.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019application aux faits et l\u2019\u00e9cartement de la nullit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9faut de mentions<\/p>\n

La convocation pr\u00e9cisait un vote exclusivement par correspondance. La cour constate que le pr\u00e9sident du conseil syndical a assur\u00e9 les fonctions de pr\u00e9sidence et a sign\u00e9 les documents utiles, apr\u00e8s v\u00e9rification de la feuille de pr\u00e9sence.<\/p>\n

Le raisonnement d\u00e9duit l\u2019inop\u00e9rance d\u2019un grief tir\u00e9 de l\u2019absence de mention imm\u00e9diate de l\u2019identit\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident dans le proc\u00e8s-verbal. L\u2019arr\u00eat \u00e9nonce clairement: “Par cons\u00e9quent aucune nullit\u00e9 de ce chef ne serait-\u00eatre retenue”.<\/p>\n

La solution repose sur la substitution fonctionnelle op\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019ordonnance et sur la valeur probante de la certification a posteriori. Elle dissocie la validit\u00e9 de l\u2019acte des formalit\u00e9s devenues incompatibles avec le vote sans r\u00e9union.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e<\/p>\n

A. Une lecture coh\u00e9rente avec la finalit\u00e9 des textes d\u00e9rogatoires<\/p>\n

La motivation \u00e9pouse l’\u00e9conomie de l’ordonnance, qui vise \u00e0 “d\u00e9roger express\u00e9ment” au formalisme ordinaire pour \u00e9viter l’atonie des organes de la copropri\u00e9t\u00e9. Le c\u0153ur du contr\u00f4le se d\u00e9place vers la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

La citation selon laquelle “Le pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance certifie exacte la feuille de pr\u00e9sence et signe […] dans les huit jours” recentre l’exigence sur l’authentification des votes. Ce d\u00e9placement prot\u00e8ge la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions sans c\u00e9der sur la v\u00e9rification des droits de vote.<\/p>\n

La critique possible tenait \u00e0 l’exigence de transparence renforc\u00e9e du proc\u00e8s-verbal. Toutefois, le texte d\u00e9rogatoire assume le d\u00e9calage temporel, d\u00e8s lors que la certification intervient dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal et qu’aucune fraude n\u2019est all\u00e9gu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

B. Cons\u00e9quences pratiques et discipline proc\u00e9durale<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l\u2019arr\u00eat est op\u00e9rationnelle. Elle consacre un standard de conformit\u00e9 pour les assembl\u00e9es par correspondance, fond\u00e9 sur la double exigence de certification et de signature par le pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance de substitution.<\/p>\n

Sur le terrain proc\u00e9dural, la d\u00e9cision r\u00e9affirme la rigueur des d\u00e9lais d\u2019appel. Elle rappelle utilement que “cette restriction ne fait pas obstacle \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 pour la cour d’appel de relever d’office cette fin de non-recevoir”, au visa de l\u2019article 913-5 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

La combinaison de ces solutions incite les syndics \u00e0 formaliser la d\u00e9signation de substitution et \u00e0 conserver la preuve dat\u00e9e des signatures. Elle oblige aussi les plaideurs \u00e0 une stricte vigilance sur les d\u00e9lais de l\u2019article 909, \u00e0 peine d\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de N\u00eemes, 28 ao\u00fbt 2025, statuant apr\u00e8s jugement du tribunal d’Avignon du 4 avril 2023 sur une assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale tenue pendant l’urgence sanitaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68b1342663e51e6687580d41","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68b1342663e51e6687580d41","_kj_judilibre_id":"68b1342663e51e6687580d41","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"N\u00eemes","_kj_chambre":"2\u00e8me chambre section A","_kj_rg":"23\/01376","_kj_date":"2025-08-28","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 4 avril 2023, n\u00b023\/01376 - 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