{"id":685395,"date":"2026-04-25T20:36:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-bordeaux-le-23-juin-2025-n23-04420\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:36:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:36:40","slug":"cour-dappel-de-bordeaux-le-23-juin-2025-n23-04420","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-bordeaux-le-23-juin-2025-n23-04420\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Bordeaux, le 23 juin 2025, n\u00b023\/04420"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d\u2019appel de Bordeaux, 23 juin 2025, quatri\u00e8me chambre civile, confirme le rejet d\u2019une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle fond\u00e9e sur la non\u2011conformit\u00e9 all\u00e9gu\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00e9quipement industriel. Un prestataire de conception avait command\u00e9 un axe de serrage fin 2019 pour les besoins d\u2019une installation sp\u00e9cifique, puis signal\u00e9 divers dysfonctionnements. Deux constats d\u2019huissier et une expertise amiable non contradictoire furent r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en 2020 et 2021, avant une assignation au fond en mars 2022.<\/p>\n

Par jugement du 25 juillet 2023, le tribunal de commerce de Bordeaux a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 la demanderesse, laquelle a relev\u00e9 appel en sollicitant l\u2019engagement de la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle, des dommages\u2011int\u00e9r\u00eats et l\u2019infirmation du jugement. L\u2019intim\u00e9e concluait \u00e0 la confirmation, invoquant la standardisation du mat\u00e9riel livr\u00e9, l\u2019absence d\u2019instructions techniques exhaustives et l\u2019influence d\u00e9cisive de l\u2019environnement d\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n

La question soumise tenait \u00e0 la caract\u00e9risation d\u2019une d\u00e9livrance non conforme au sens de l\u2019article 1604 du code civil, et, partant, \u00e0 l\u2019allocation de dommages\u2011int\u00e9r\u00eats sur le fondement de l\u2019article 1231\u20111, en l\u2019absence de \u00ab cahier des charges \u00bb pr\u00e9cis et au regard de preuves non contradictoires. La cour r\u00e9pond par la n\u00e9gative, retenant que la preuve d\u2019une non\u2011conformit\u00e9, appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e au regard de caract\u00e9ristiques contractuellement convenues, n\u2019est pas rapport\u00e9e. Elle juge notamment que \u00ab Ces pi\u00e8ces produites par l\u2019appelante ne permettent pas \u00e0 elles seules de d\u00e9terminer une quelconque non conformit\u00e9 compte tenu de leur contenu lacunaire \u00bb, et en d\u00e9duit que \u00ab La d\u00e9cision du tribunal de commerce sera donc confirm\u00e9e de ce chef et il n\u2019y a pas lieu d\u2019examiner les demandes de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019appelante \u00bb.<\/p>\n

I \u2013 Le sens de la d\u00e9cision: d\u00e9livrance conforme, sp\u00e9cifications et preuve<\/p>\n

A \u2013 N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de caract\u00e9ristiques convenues et d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel technique exploitable<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle, en substance, que la non\u2011conformit\u00e9 se mesure \u00e0 l\u2019aune des qualit\u00e9s convenues, ce qui suppose l\u2019identification d\u2019exigences techniques opposables. L\u2019appelante invoquait une \u00ab demande de prix \u00bb et un document technique, mais n\u2019\u00e9tablissait ni l\u2019existence d\u2019un cahier des charges exhaustif, ni un comparatif entre les caract\u00e9ristiques attendues et celles du bien livr\u00e9. La seule modification ponctuelle du filetage lors de l\u2019accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception demeurait insuffisante pour transformer une vente de mat\u00e9riel standard en fourniture sp\u00e9cifique. En l\u2019absence d\u2019instructions compl\u00e8tes quant aux contraintes r\u00e9elles du poste et \u00e0 l\u2019usage envisag\u00e9, la d\u00e9livrance non conforme ne peut \u00eatre pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Ce raisonnement \u00e9claire le c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat: sans r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel contractuel clair, la preuve de l\u2019\u00e9cart qualitatif \u00e9choue et l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrance conforme ne se voit pas d\u00e9natur\u00e9e en obligation de r\u00e9sultat aggrav\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Appr\u00e9ciation probatoire des constats et de l\u2019expertise amiable non contradictoire<\/p>\n

L\u2019office probatoire est scrut\u00e9 avec rigueur. Les fiches internes de non\u2011conformit\u00e9, \u00e9tablies unilat\u00e9ralement, ne suffisent pas. L\u2019expertise amiable, d\u00e9pourvue de contradictoire et inachev\u00e9e, ne convainc pas davantage. La cour souligne que \u00ab Le rapport d\u2019expertise amiable, dat\u00e9 du 24 d\u00e9cembre 2020, n\u2019est pas finalis\u00e9 ; il ne comprend aucune conclusion ni analyse technique \u00bb. Le constat d\u2019huissier relate des observations ponctuelles post\u00e9rieures \u00e0 un incident, sans articulation technique apte \u00e0 imputer de mani\u00e8re certaine les dysfonctionnements \u00e0 une non\u2011conformit\u00e9 initiale.<\/p>\n

La juridiction rel\u00e8ve encore, s\u2019agissant des difficult\u00e9s de montage, que \u00ab Il relate les constatations suivantes : \u2018il est not\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 de mise en place de la bobine du fait de la pr\u00e9sence des deux axes \u00e0 aligner avec la bobine pour permettre le bon positionnement\u2019 \u00bb. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, pris isol\u00e9ment, ne d\u00e9montrent pas l\u2019inad\u00e9quation originelle du mat\u00e9riel aux sp\u00e9cifications convenues, mais la survenance d\u2019al\u00e9as dans un environnement d\u2019utilisation dont les param\u00e8tres pr\u00e9cis n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 contractualis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

II \u2013 Valeur et port\u00e9e: orthodoxie probatoire et exigences pratiques des achats industriels<\/p>\n

A \u2013 Conformit\u00e9 au droit positif: charge de la preuve et limites de l\u2019amiable<\/p>\n

La solution s\u2019inscrit dans une ligne constante qui place sur l\u2019acheteur la charge de prouver l\u2019inex\u00e9cution au regard des stipulations convenues, sp\u00e9cialement lorsque la chose livr\u00e9e est standard. Faute de cadre technique opposable, l\u2019all\u00e9gation de non\u2011conformit\u00e9 demeure sp\u00e9culative. L\u2019insistance sur le contradictoire confirme la faible port\u00e9e d\u2019une expertise unilat\u00e9rale pour renverser la pr\u00e9somption de conformit\u00e9 attach\u00e9e \u00e0 une d\u00e9livrance op\u00e9r\u00e9e dans les d\u00e9lais et sans r\u00e9serves d\u00e9cisives initiales. En coh\u00e9rence avec l\u2019article 1231\u20111, l\u2019allocation de dommages\u2011int\u00e9r\u00eats suppose un manquement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9, qui ne peut r\u00e9sulter de simples difficult\u00e9s d\u2019exploitation non imput\u00e9es techniquement au vendeur.<\/p>\n

Cette approche pr\u00e9serve l\u2019\u00e9quilibre contractuel: elle \u00e9vite d\u2019\u00e9riger l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrance en garantie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019aptitude \u00e0 tout usage, ind\u00e9pendamment des informations communiqu\u00e9es et du contexte d\u2019emploi connu lors de la formation du contrat.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Enseignements pratiques: formalisation des besoins, contradictoire et pr\u00e9vention des litiges<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision invite \u00e0 une discipline accrue dans les achats techniques. La formalisation d\u2019un cahier des charges exhaustif, assorti de param\u00e8tres d\u2019environnement et d\u2019essais pr\u00e9vus, constitue une condition d\u00e9terminante pour appr\u00e9cier la conformit\u00e9. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut, la qualification d\u2019une non\u2011conformit\u00e9 objective demeure fragile et expose l\u2019acheteur \u00e0 un \u00e9chec probatoire. En outre, la conduite rapide de mesures techniques contradictoires, \u00e9ventuellement sous l\u2019\u00e9gide d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure adapt\u00e9e, s\u00e9curise la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des causes et l\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9fauts all\u00e9gu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Sur le terrain du conseil, l\u2019identification d\u2019un usage particulier et de contraintes anormales doit \u00eatre port\u00e9e sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 \u00e0 la connaissance du fournisseur afin de faire \u00e9voluer le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de la d\u00e9livrance. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019un tel \u00e9change, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution conforme d\u2019une fourniture standard ne saurait, \u00e0 elle seule, fonder une responsabilit\u00e9. En d\u00e9finitive, la cour rappelle avec nettet\u00e9, par la formule pr\u00e9cit\u00e9e, que \u00ab Ces pi\u00e8ces produites par l\u2019appelante ne permettent pas \u00e0 elles seules de d\u00e9terminer une quelconque non conformit\u00e9 \u00bb, ce qui justifie que \u00ab La d\u00e9cision du tribunal de commerce sera donc confirm\u00e9e de ce chef \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d\u2019appel de Bordeaux, 23 juin 2025, quatri\u00e8me chambre civile, confirme le rejet d\u2019une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle fond\u00e9e sur la non\u2011conform…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"685ce8c8e307e7f2154deb93","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685ce8c8e307e7f2154deb93","_kj_judilibre_id":"685ce8c8e307e7f2154deb93","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Bordeaux","_kj_chambre":"4\u00e8me chambre commerciale","_kj_rg":"23\/04420","_kj_date":"2025-06-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Bordeaux, le 23 juin 2025, n\u00b023\/04420 - 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