{"id":685415,"date":"2026-04-25T20:37:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-8-juillet-2025-n24-04731\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:37:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:37:27","slug":"cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-8-juillet-2025-n24-04731","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-8-juillet-2025-n24-04731\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 8 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/04731"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Par un arr\u00eat du 8 juillet 2025, la cour d’appel de Versailles tranche un litige locatif nourri autour d’impay\u00e9s persistants et d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire. Elle statue aussi sur la cotitularit\u00e9 du bail d’habitation, la prescription triennale des loyers impay\u00e9s et la preuve d’une restitution anticip\u00e9e des cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Un bail d’habitation sign\u00e9 en 2018, grev\u00e9 d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire, portait sur un logement familial occup\u00e9 par des \u00e9poux. Des loyers \u00e9tant demeur\u00e9s impay\u00e9s, un commandement de payer fut d\u00e9livr\u00e9 en ao\u00fbt 2023, suivi d’une assignation en janvier 2024.<\/p>\n

Par jugement du 19 juin 2024, le premier juge constata l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire, limita l’arri\u00e9r\u00e9 par prescription et condamna un seul locataire. Les bailleurs interjet\u00e8rent appel pour obtenir la solidarit\u00e9 des \u00e9poux, le montant int\u00e9gral des arri\u00e9r\u00e9s et des r\u00e9parations, tandis que les locataires formaient appel incident.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision pose, d\u2019une part, la question de la cotitularit\u00e9 du bail et de la solidarit\u00e9 m\u00e9nag\u00e8re en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un seul signataire. D\u2019autre part, elle interroge les pouvoirs du juge en mati\u00e8re de prescription, l\u2019effet interruptif des reconnaissances et la preuve tant d\u2019une restitution des cl\u00e9s que de paiements all\u00e9gu\u00e9s en esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n

La cour affirme la cotitularit\u00e9 et la solidarit\u00e9 des \u00e9poux, confirme l\u2019acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire, r\u00e9tablit l\u2019arri\u00e9r\u00e9 non prescrit et fixe l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation et l\u2019indemnisation des d\u00e9gradations. Elle pr\u00e9cise que “Il est constant que la clause r\u00e9solutoire est r\u00e9put\u00e9e acquise, deux mois apr\u00e8s un commandement de payer rest\u00e9 infructueux”, puis en tire les cons\u00e9quences sur la p\u00e9riode d\u2019occupation et les accessoires.<\/p>\n

I. Le sens de la d\u00e9cision<\/p>\n

A. Cotitularit\u00e9 du bail et solidarit\u00e9 m\u00e9nag\u00e8re<\/p>\n

S\u2019appuyant sur l\u2019article 1751 du code civil, la cour rattache le droit au bail \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 de vie, ind\u00e9pendamment de la seule signature appos\u00e9e. Constatant l\u2019occupation conjointe, elle d\u00e9cide que “doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant cotitulaires du bail, ce qui implique qu’ils sont tenus solidairement des obligations en d\u00e9coulant”.<\/p>\n

Les indices retenus tiennent aux r\u00e8glements \u00e9manant d\u2019un compte joint, \u00e0 des pi\u00e8ces administratives relatives au logement familial et \u00e0 une attestation de voisinage circonstanci\u00e9e. Sur ce fondement, la solidarit\u00e9 de l\u2019article 220 s\u2019applique aux dettes n\u00e9es du contrat de location, en coh\u00e9rence avec la protection du logement de la famille.<\/p>\n

B. Clause r\u00e9solutoire et restitution des cl\u00e9s<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle que “Il est constant que la clause r\u00e9solutoire est r\u00e9put\u00e9e acquise, deux mois apr\u00e8s un commandement de payer rest\u00e9 infructueux, soit en l’esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 la date du 4 octobre 2023”. L\u2019argument tir\u00e9 d\u2019une restitution anticip\u00e9e des cl\u00e9s, invoqu\u00e9 pour priver la clause d\u2019effet, est jug\u00e9 d\u00e9pourvu de preuve probante.<\/p>\n

Constatant la lib\u00e9ration effective au 10 juillet 2024, elle en d\u00e9duit que “les demandes d’injonction de quitter les lieux et d’expulsion le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, apparaissent sans objet”. L\u2019indemnit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation est allou\u00e9e \u00e0 compter de l\u2019acquisition de la clause jusqu\u2019au constat de sortie, en stricte correspondance avec l\u2019occupation post-r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e<\/p>\n

A. Prescription triennale et pouvoirs du juge<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle, sur le fondement de l\u2019article 2247 du code civil, que “les juges ne peuvent suppl\u00e9er d’office le moyen r\u00e9sultant de la prescription”. En le relevant sans d\u00e9bat contradictoire, le premier juge avait exc\u00e9d\u00e9 ses pouvoirs, ce qui impose de trancher au regard des \u00e9critures des parties et des actes interruptifs.<\/p>\n

L\u2019arr\u00eat retient ensuite l\u2019interruption par reconnaissances et paiements fragmentaires, notamment des ch\u00e8ques, et cite que “Il est constant que la reconnaissance, m\u00eame partielle, que le d\u00e9biteur, fait du droit de celui contre lequel il prescrivait, entra\u00eene pour la totalit\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance, un effet interruptif qui ne peut se fractionner”. Le d\u00e9lai, relanc\u00e9 mi\u2011mai 2022 puis interrompu par l\u2019assignation, ne pouvait donc conduire \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019arri\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

B. Preuve des paiements et \u00e9tendue des r\u00e9parations<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant des paiements all\u00e9gu\u00e9s en esp\u00e8ces, la charge probatoire demeure sur le d\u00e9biteur conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019article 1353. La cour juge que “La simple production de relev\u00e9s bancaires sur lesquels figurent des retraits d’esp\u00e8ces, […] n’est pas de nature \u00e0 apporter cette preuve”, faute de rattachement probant aux loyers litigieux.<\/p>\n

Elle \u00e9carte aussi une critique globale des d\u00e9comptes, retenant que “Le seul fait que le d\u00e9compte ne contienne pas tous les versements revendiqu\u00e9s par les locataires, […] n’est pas de nature \u00e0 en remettre en cause la pertinence”. La cr\u00e9ance est arr\u00eat\u00e9e en cons\u00e9quence, assortie d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux l\u00e9gal et de capitalisation, avec un point de d\u00e9part distinct selon les actes.<\/p>\n

Quant aux d\u00e9gradations, l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux de sortie et l\u2019absence d\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019entr\u00e9e justifiaient une indemnisation calibr\u00e9e, sans remise \u00e0 neuf int\u00e9grale. L\u2019arr\u00eat “arbitre le montant des travaux devant \u00eatre mis \u00e0 la charge des locataires \u00e0 la somme totale de 9 956,80 euros”, et d\u00e9clare acquis le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie par voie de compensation, dans une logique de r\u00e9paration mesur\u00e9e et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des rapports locatifs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat du 8 juillet 2025, la cour d’appel de Versailles tranche un litige locatif nourri autour d’impay\u00e9s persistants et d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire. Elle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9584,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"686df87abdbdd86396f38fdb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686df87abdbdd86396f38fdb","_kj_judilibre_id":"686df87abdbdd86396f38fdb","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Versailles","_kj_chambre":"Chambre civile 1-2","_kj_rg":"24\/04731","_kj_date":"2025-07-08","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Versailles, le 8 juillet 2025, n\u00b024\/04731 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par un arr\u00eat du 8 juillet 2025, la cour d'appel de Versailles tranche un litige locatif nourri autour d'impay\u00e9s persistants et d'une clause r\u00e9solutoire. 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