{"id":685523,"date":"2026-04-25T20:45:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-cayenne-le-4-septembre-2025-n24-00353\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:45:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:45:58","slug":"cour-dappel-de-cayenne-le-4-septembre-2025-n24-00353","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-cayenne-le-4-septembre-2025-n24-00353\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Cayenne, le 4 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00353"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d\u2019appel de Cayenne, le 4 septembre 2025, confirme l\u2019annulation d\u2019une ordonnance autorisant une hypoth\u00e8que judiciaire provisoire en raison d\u2019une d\u00e9signation cadastrale inexacte. Le diff\u00e9rend survient \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un pr\u00eat immobilier garanti par une caution, laquelle a sollicit\u00e9 une mesure conservatoire pour s\u00e9curiser une cr\u00e9ance impay\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ordonnance du 19 janvier 2022 autorise l\u2019inscription sur un lot d\u00e9crit par d\u2019anciennes r\u00e9f\u00e9rences, issues d\u2019un \u00e9tat ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 une division de 2012. Une premi\u00e8re inscription est d\u00e9pos\u00e9e le 3 mars 2022, puis un bordereau rectificatif intervient le 13 mai 2022 apr\u00e8s rejet du service de la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Par jugement du 15 juillet 2024, le juge de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de Cayenne annule l\u2019ordonnance, ordonne la mainlev\u00e9e et assortit l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une astreinte. En appel, le cr\u00e9ancier soutient la suffisance d\u2019une rectification fond\u00e9e sur le d\u00e9cret du 14 octobre 1955 et la concordance cadastrale valid\u00e9e administrativement. Les d\u00e9biteurs opposent l\u2019article R511\u20114 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, en faisant valoir que seule une ordonnance rectificative pouvait aligner l\u2019autorisation et la d\u00e9signation r\u00e9elle du bien.<\/p>\n

La question pos\u00e9e est celle de la port\u00e9e de l\u2019exigence de pr\u00e9cision, \u00ab \u00e0 peine de nullit\u00e9 \u00bb, tenant \u00e0 l\u2019identification du bien vis\u00e9 par l\u2019autorisation d\u2019hypoth\u00e8que judiciaire provisoire. S\u2019ajoute le point de savoir si la rectification du bordereau d\u2019inscription suffit \u00e0 r\u00e9parer une discordance n\u00e9e d\u00e8s l\u2019ordonnance. La cour r\u00e9pond positivement \u00e0 l\u2019exigence d\u2019identit\u00e9 stricte et n\u00e9gativement \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 curative de la rectification. Elle retient que \u00ab dans ces conditions, le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a exactement constat\u00e9 que l\u2019ordonnance du 19 janvier 2022 a autoris\u00e9 une hypoth\u00e8que judiciaire provisoire sur des biens dont les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences cadastrales sont \u00e9rron\u00e9es \u00bb. Elle ajoute que \u00ab en tout \u00e9tat de cause, aucune inscription ne saurait \u00eatre inscrite sur un bien dont les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences cadastrales ne sont pas celles d\u00e9sign\u00e9es par l\u2019ordonnance, et la simple rectification d\u2019un bordereau d\u2019inscription par le requ\u00e9rant ne peut valablement pallier une non conformit\u00e9 aux prescriptions de l\u2019ordonnance autorisant l\u2019inscription, \u00e9tant pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 de surcro\u00eet qu\u2019aucune ordonnance rectificative n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s du juge de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u00bb.<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019exigence d\u2019identit\u00e9 stricte pos\u00e9e par l\u2019article R511\u20114 CPCE<\/p>\n

A. Le fondement textuel et sa finalit\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique
\nL\u2019article R511\u20114 CPCE impose que le juge \u00ab d\u00e9termine le montant des sommes [\u2026] et pr\u00e9cise les biens sur lesquels [la mesure] porte \u00bb, sous peine de nullit\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision s\u2019approprie ce rappel et l\u2019adosse \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. La pr\u00e9cision de l\u2019objet n\u2019est pas une simple formalit\u00e9, elle conditionne la fiabilit\u00e9 de la publicit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la s\u00fbret\u00e9 contre les tiers.<\/p>\n

Cette exigence conduit \u00e0 immobiliser, dans l\u2019ordonnance, l\u2019identification du bien. L\u2019office du juge se concentre sur la d\u00e9limitation d\u2019une assiette certaine, imm\u00e9diatement v\u00e9rifiable par les services de la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re et par les tiers. La rigueur du texte, d\u2019inspiration pr\u00e9ventive, interdit que l\u2019assiette \u00e9volue au stade du d\u00e9p\u00f4t par le jeu d\u2019ajustements unilat\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019erreur cadastrale ant\u00e9rieure comme cause de nullit\u00e9 de l\u2019ordonnance
\nLe dossier r\u00e9v\u00e9lait une mutation ant\u00e9rieure du parcellaire \u00e0 raison d\u2019un r\u00e8glement de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 de 2012. La d\u00e9signation vis\u00e9e par l\u2019ordonnance conservait, cependant, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences obsol\u00e8tes. La cour rel\u00e8ve que, post\u00e9rieurement au rejet, \u00ab le bordereau rectificatif [\u2026] fait appara\u00eetre [\u2026] qu\u2019il est d\u00e9sormais cadastr\u00e9 sous la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Z n\u00b0[Cadastre 12] \u00bb. Cette mention objective la discordance, mais ne la r\u00e9sorbe pas au niveau de l\u2019autorisation initiale.<\/p>\n

La cour approuve ainsi la solution de premi\u00e8re instance en ces termes: \u00ab dans ces conditions, le juge de premi\u00e8re instance a exactement constat\u00e9 \u00bb l\u2019erreur. Le caract\u00e8re ant\u00e9rieur du changement renforce l\u2019analyse: le d\u00e9faut de mise \u00e0 jour entache la d\u00e9signation de l\u2019ordonnance, laquelle ne pr\u00e9cise alors pas \u00ab les biens \u00bb au sens du texte. La nullit\u00e9 s\u2019attache \u00e0 l\u2019autorisation elle\u2011m\u00eame, non au seul acte de d\u00e9p\u00f4t.<\/p>\n

II. La port\u00e9e de la solution: rectification, publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re et coh\u00e9rence des acteurs<\/p>\n

A. La rectification du bordereau, mesure de rang, ne r\u00e9pare pas l\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l\u2019autorisation
\nL\u2019appelant fondait sa th\u00e8se sur le m\u00e9canisme de rectification issu du d\u00e9cret de 1955, r\u00e9put\u00e9 op\u00e9rer r\u00e9troactivement pour le rang. La cour distingue nettement la rectification d\u2019un acte de publicit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que de l\u2019ordonnance. Elle affirme que \u00ab la simple rectification d\u2019un bordereau d\u2019inscription [\u2026] ne peut valablement pallier \u00bb la non\u2011conformit\u00e9 aux prescriptions judiciaires.<\/p>\n

Cette distinction est d\u00e9cisive. La rectification corrige une inexactitude de publication, mais ne peut \u00e9tendre l\u2019autorisation \u00e0 un objet que le juge n\u2019a pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u00e9sign\u00e9. Seule une ordonnance rectificative, rendue par le juge comp\u00e9tent, pourrait aligner la s\u00fbret\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 cadastrale. Le principe prot\u00e8ge les tiers et garantit l\u2019intangibilit\u00e9 judiciaire de l\u2019assiette, au prix d\u2019une charge proc\u00e9durale suppl\u00e9mentaire, justifi\u00e9e par l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

B. La coh\u00e9rence entre b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u00e9sign\u00e9 et inscrit, et les enseignements pratiques
\nLa cour mentionne, \u00e0 titre surabondant, une discordance entre la qualit\u00e9 du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par l\u2019ordonnance et l\u2019auteur de l\u2019inscription. Ce constat, sans affecter le dispositif, signale une exigence de coh\u00e9rence des qualit\u00e9s proc\u00e9durales entre l\u2019autorisation et l\u2019acte de publicit\u00e9. La mesure conservatoire suppose l\u2019identit\u00e9 entre le titulaire d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le juge et le requ\u00e9rant \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Plus largement, l\u2019arr\u00eat \u00e9nonce une m\u00e9thode. D\u2019abord, v\u00e9rifier en amont l\u2019actualisation cadastrale, sp\u00e9cialement en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une division ant\u00e9rieure. Ensuite, solliciter si besoin une ordonnance rectificative avant tout d\u00e9p\u00f4t, afin de garantir l\u2019identit\u00e9 parfaite entre l\u2019autorisation et le bordereau. Enfin, veiller \u00e0 l\u2019alignement des qualit\u00e9s des acteurs, qu\u2019ils interviennent comme mandant, mandataire ou caution, pour pr\u00e9venir toute fragilit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale.<\/p>\n

La solution s\u2019inscrit dans une jurisprudence de rigueur, conforme au libell\u00e9 \u00ab \u00e0 peine de nullit\u00e9 \u00bb de l\u2019article R511\u20114 CPCE. Elle pr\u00e9vient les incertitudes sur l\u2019assiette et prot\u00e8ge la foi publique attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Elle rappelle, avec mesure, que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des s\u00fbret\u00e9s tient moins \u00e0 des r\u00e9gularisations a posteriori qu\u2019\u00e0 la stricte ad\u00e9quation initiale de l\u2019acte juridictionnel et de l\u2019acte de publicit\u00e9. Par cette affirmation nette, la Cour d\u2019appel de Cayenne conforte la discipline des mesures conservatoires et la lisibilit\u00e9 de leurs effets \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des tiers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d\u2019appel de Cayenne, le 4 septembre 2025, confirme l\u2019annulation d\u2019une ordonnance autorisant une hypoth\u00e8que judiciaire provisoire en raison d\u2019une d\u00e9sig…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68bbc003235820343facbece","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68bbc003235820343facbece","_kj_judilibre_id":"68bbc003235820343facbece","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cayenne","_kj_chambre":"Chambre Civile","_kj_rg":"24\/00353","_kj_date":"2025-09-04","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Cayenne, le 4 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00353 - 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