{"id":686721,"date":"2026-04-25T21:53:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T19:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-mars-2023-n24-15240\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T21:53:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T19:53:28","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-mars-2023-n24-15240","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-mars-2023-n24-15240\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 8 mars 2023, n\u00b024\/15240"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, p\u00f4le 1, chambre 3, 19 juin 2025, se prononce sur une requ\u00eate en interpr\u00e9tation d\u2019un arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2023 ordonnant des communications documentaires dans le cadre d\u2019une expertise civile. La demande porte sur le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre exact d\u2019un plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire et la port\u00e9e d\u2019une injonction concernant des \u00e9changes avec l\u2019administration.<\/p>\n

L\u2019affaire trouve son origine dans un contrat d\u2019analyses conclu en 2014 et une crise sanitaire r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e fin 2017, suivie de retraits-rappels. Une expertise est ordonn\u00e9e sur le fondement de l\u2019article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, puis sa mission est \u00e9tendue. Par l\u2019arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2023, la juridiction d\u2019appel enjoint la communication d\u2019un plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire int\u00e9gral et de divers \u00e9changes avec les autorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les requ\u00e9rants soutiennent qu\u2019un doute s\u00e9rieux persiste sur le document vis\u00e9, qui devrait s\u2019entendre du plan tel que transmis pour agr\u00e9ment en f\u00e9vrier 2017, avec ses mises \u00e0 jour. Ils demandent aussi que les pi\u00e8ces jointes aux courriels ordonn\u00e9s soient incluses, ou \u00e0 tout le moins corr\u00e9l\u00e9es aux messages. Les d\u00e9fendeurs opposent avoir ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 l\u2019arr\u00eat et contestent l\u2019office du juge de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation s\u2019agissant des modalit\u00e9s d\u2019ex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n

La question pos\u00e9e est double. D\u2019une part, le juge de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation peut-il pr\u00e9ciser que la communication ordonn\u00e9e vise le plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire tel que vers\u00e9 au dossier d\u2019agr\u00e9ment initial et ses versions ult\u00e9rieures. D\u2019autre part, peut-il \u00e9tendre l\u2019injonction aux pi\u00e8ces jointes des courriels ou r\u00e9gler leurs modalit\u00e9s de remise. Le texte de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dispose que \u00ab Il appartient \u00e0 tout juge d’interpr\u00e9ter sa d\u00e9cision si elle n’est pas frapp\u00e9e d’appel. La demande en interpr\u00e9tation est form\u00e9e par simple requ\u00eate [\u2026]. Le juge se prononce les parties entendues ou appel\u00e9es. \u00bb<\/p>\n

La juridiction r\u00e9pond en deux temps. Elle interpr\u00e8te le dispositif ant\u00e9rieur comme visant la production du plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire transmis en f\u00e9vrier 2017 pour l\u2019agr\u00e9ment, compl\u00e9t\u00e9 de ses mises \u00e0 jour successives. Elle d\u00e9clare irrecevable la demande d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation relative aux courriels, car \u00e9trang\u00e8re au sens de l\u2019arr\u00eat ant\u00e9rieur. La solution est claire dans le dispositif: \u00ab Dit que le dispositif de l’arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2023 doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme visant la production du plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire remis \u00e0 l’administration en f\u00e9vrier 2017 [\u2026] outre les \u00e9ventuelles versions ult\u00e9rieures. \u00bb<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019office du juge de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation<\/p>\n

A. Conditions et limites de l\u2019article 461 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile<\/p>\n

L\u2019article 461 conf\u00e8re un pouvoir d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation autonome, exerc\u00e9 lorsque la d\u00e9cision n\u2019est plus frapp\u00e9e d\u2019appel. Il ne permet ni la r\u00e9formation du dispositif ni son compl\u00e9ment d\u00e9guis\u00e9. La chambre civile a fermement rappel\u00e9 la limite fonctionnelle: \u00ab Le juge saisi d’une contestation relative \u00e0 l’interpr\u00e9tation d’une pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente d\u00e9cision ne peut, sous le pr\u00e9texte d’en d\u00e9terminer le sens, apporter une modification quelconque aux dispositions pr\u00e9cises de celle-ci, fussent-elles erron\u00e9es \u00bb (Cass. 2e civ., 3 avr. 2003, n\u00b0 01-12.564).<\/p>\n

Ce pouvoir demeure r\u00e9el lorsque subsistent des lectures concurrentes du dispositif. La jurisprudence admet qu\u2019\u00ab il appartient au juge de fixer le sens des dispositions de sa d\u00e9cision, lorsqu’elles donnent lieu \u00e0 des lectures diff\u00e9rentes \u00bb (Cass. 1re civ., 2 avr. 2008, n\u00b0 07-11.890). L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation r\u00e9tablit l\u2019intelligibilit\u00e9 normative du dispositif, sans l\u2019\u00e9tendre.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision comment\u00e9e s\u2019inscrit exactement dans ce canevas. Elle distingue l\u2019identification du document d\u00e9j\u00e0 enjoint, relevant de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation, et le traitement de modalit\u00e9s d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, qui exc\u00e8de l\u2019office de l\u2019article 461. Le cadre du contr\u00f4le juridictionnel se trouve ainsi stabilis\u00e9 sans empi\u00e9ter sur l\u2019autorit\u00e9 attach\u00e9e au dispositif initial.<\/p>\n

B. Clarification du sens, refus de statuer sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution<\/p>\n

La cour redit le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de son office. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, elle admet l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation lorsque les parties divergent sur l\u2019objet pr\u00e9cis de l\u2019injonction documentaire. De l\u2019autre, elle refuse de r\u00e9gler la mani\u00e8re de produire des pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9j\u00e0 vis\u00e9es, ce qui ressortit \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution. Elle \u00e9nonce sobrement que \u00ab il n\u2019entre pas dans ses attributions de s\u2019assurer de la bonne ex\u00e9cution de sa d\u00e9cision, comme il ne lui appartient pas d\u2019ajouter au dispositif \u00bb.<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant des \u00e9changes \u00e9lectroniques, la motivation est nette: la contestation porte sur la pr\u00e9sentation, non sur le sens du chef ant\u00e9rieur. La cour juge en cons\u00e9quence que \u00ab une telle contestation, qui ne porte pas sur l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de l\u2019arr\u00eat, au demeurant parfaitement clair \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, n\u2019est pas recevable sur le fondement de l\u2019article 461 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile \u00bb. Le refus s\u2019impose logiquement au regard des limites pos\u00e9es par les arr\u00eats de la Cour de cassation pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

II. L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation retenue et sa port\u00e9e<\/p>\n

A. Le plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire vis\u00e9: p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre documentaire et fondements<\/p>\n

La cour replace l\u2019injonction dans les sources applicables. Elle rappelle que \u00ab le PMS est pr\u00e9vu par l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 8 juin 2006 relatif \u00e0 l\u2019agr\u00e9ment sanitaire des \u00e9tablissements mettant sur le march\u00e9 des produits d\u2019origine animale ou des denr\u00e9es contenant des produits d\u2019origine animale, et que sa nomenclature pr\u00e9cise fait l\u2019objet de l\u2019annexe II \u00bb. Le rattachement au corpus r\u00e9glementaire \u00e9vite toute incertitude terminologique.<\/p>\n

Le raisonnement s\u2019appuie aussi sur les exigences du contradictoire et la coh\u00e9rence de l\u2019expertise. La motivation souligne les difficult\u00e9s n\u00e9es des productions fragmentaires: \u00ab Cette affirmation illustre les difficult\u00e9s incessantes caus\u00e9es par la communication parcellaire du PMS, les parties ne parvenant pas \u00e0 s\u2019entendre sur la nature et la port\u00e9e des documents produits, et l\u2019expert ayant eu lui-m\u00eame \u00e0 plusieurs reprises des interrogations sur la date ou la pertinence des parties du PMS qui lui \u00e9taient fournies \u00bb. L\u2019acc\u00e8s au document dans sa globalit\u00e9 garantit une lecture d\u2019ensemble et la discussion utile des m\u00e9thodes de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement et de contr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n

Dans cette perspective, l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation retient que la communication vise le plan tel que transmis pour l\u2019agr\u00e9ment initial, compl\u00e9t\u00e9 des versions suivantes, afin de rendre visibles les \u00e9volutions. Le dispositif l\u2019arr\u00eate express\u00e9ment: \u00ab Dit que le dispositif de l’arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2023 doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme visant la production du plan de ma\u00eetrise sanitaire remis \u00e0 l’administration en f\u00e9vrier 2017 [\u2026] outre les \u00e9ventuelles versions ult\u00e9rieures, au fur et \u00e0 mesure des diff\u00e9rentes mises \u00e0 jour. \u00bb La pr\u00e9cision n\u2019ajoute pas \u00e0 l\u2019injonction, elle en fixe le sens par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la source administrative d\u2019o\u00f9 proc\u00e8de le document.<\/p>\n

B. Port\u00e9e pratique: expertise, contradictoire et voies de droit r\u00e9siduelles<\/p>\n

La clarification emporte des cons\u00e9quences directes sur la conduite de l\u2019expertise. Le corpus documentaire devient unifi\u00e9, dat\u00e9 et lisible, ce qui facilite l\u2019\u00e9valuation des temporalit\u00e9s, des fr\u00e9quences de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et des mesures correctives. La discussion contradictoire gagne en densit\u00e9 probatoire, sans d\u00e9pendre de s\u00e9lections unilat\u00e9rales ni d\u2019extraits isol\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La solution pr\u00e9serve aussi l\u2019\u00e9conomie des voies de droit. Ce qui rel\u00e8ve du sens du dispositif d\u2019origine est fix\u00e9 par l\u2019article 461. Ce qui ressort des modalit\u00e9s de production et de concordance des pi\u00e8ces jointes demeure \u00e9tranger \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation. La cour le rappelle en des termes d\u00e9pourvus d\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9, en \u00e9cartant la seconde demande comme irrecevable; elle \u00ab d\u00e9clare irrecevable la demande d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation aff\u00e9rente \u00e0 la communication des courriels [\u2026] \u00bb. Les parties conservent d\u2019autres moyens proc\u00e9duraux, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant devant le juge comp\u00e9tent au titre du contr\u00f4le des mesures d\u2019instruction ou de l\u2019astreinte.<\/p>\n

Au total, l\u2019arr\u00eat combine rigueur m\u00e9thodologique et souci du contradictoire. Il verrouille l\u2019office du juge de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation, tout en s\u00e9curisant le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre du document pivot de l\u2019expertise. La port\u00e9e se mesure autant en termes de lisibilit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale qu\u2019en efficacit\u00e9 de la recherche de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 technique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, p\u00f4le 1, chambre 3, 19 juin 2025, se prononce sur une requ\u00eate en interpr\u00e9tation d\u2019un arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2023 ordonnant des communicatio…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6854f1a4d7015156d1aed320","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6854f1a4d7015156d1aed320","_kj_judilibre_id":"6854f1a4d7015156d1aed320","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 1 - Chambre 3","_kj_rg":"24\/15240","_kj_date":"2025-06-19","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-686721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 8 mars 2023, n\u00b024\/15240 - 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