{"id":686738,"date":"2026-04-25T21:54:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T19:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-24-juin-2025-n24-00392\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T21:54:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T19:54:56","slug":"cour-dappel-le-24-juin-2025-n24-00392","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/cour-dappel-le-24-juin-2025-n24-00392\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 24 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/00392"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d’appel de Fort-de\u2011France, 24 juin 2025. La chambre civile statue en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 sur la liquidation d’une astreinte et la fixation d’une nouvelle astreinte en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9. L\u2019arr\u00eat s\u2019inscrit dans la suite d\u2019une injonction de remise en \u00e9tat prononc\u00e9e au titre de travaux privatifs empi\u00e9tant sur des parties communes et alt\u00e9rant l\u2019aspect ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

Un copropri\u00e9taire avait clos une terrasse et modifi\u00e9 des baies sans autorisation, en m\u00e9connaissance du r\u00e8glement. Saisi en 2021, le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s a ordonn\u00e9 la remise en \u00e9tat par ordonnance du 8 avril 2022, confirm\u00e9e par arr\u00eat du 16 mai 2023, sous astreinte de 100 euros par jour, apr\u00e8s deux mois suivant signification.<\/p>\n

Le 5 juillet 2024, le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s a liquid\u00e9 l\u2019astreinte pour la p\u00e9riode du 14 ao\u00fbt au 14 d\u00e9cembre 2022, et fix\u00e9 une nouvelle astreinte de 200 euros. L\u2019appel reproche l\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de la signification, invoque des contestations s\u00e9rieuses relatives au r\u00e8glement et au trouble manifestement illicite, et sollicite le rejet des pr\u00e9tentions adverses.<\/p>\n

La question pos\u00e9e concerne, d\u2019une part, l\u2019effet d\u2019une signification discut\u00e9e sur le cours de l\u2019astreinte, d\u2019autre part, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 attach\u00e9e aux d\u00e9cisions ant\u00e9rieures en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 en l\u2019absence de faits nouveaux. La cour \u00e9carte la difficult\u00e9 s\u00e9rieuse, refuse la nullit\u00e9 faute de grief, d\u00e9clare irrecevables les contestations d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9es, confirme la liquidation et maintient une nouvelle astreinte.<\/p>\n

I \u2014 Le traitement des moyens proc\u00e9duraux: inop\u00e9rance et absence de nullit\u00e9<\/p>\n

A \u2014 La comp\u00e9tence attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la liquidation de l\u2019astreinte<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle la logique de l\u2019astreinte en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle \u00e9nonce que \u00ab La demande de liquidation de l’astreinte est intrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re d\u00e9cision du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s dont elle tend seulement \u00e0 garantir l’ex\u00e9cution \u00bb. Dans le m\u00eame \u00e9lan, elle pr\u00e9cise que \u00ab Le juge ne peut, dans cette situation, all\u00e9guer une difficult\u00e9 s\u00e9rieuse pour d\u00e9cliner la comp\u00e9tence qu’il s’est express\u00e9ment r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le raisonnement neutralise la tentative de d\u00e9placer le d\u00e9bat sur le terrain de la contestation s\u00e9rieuse. Le contentieux de la liquidation demeure l\u2019accessoire de l\u2019injonction initiale, ce qui conduit \u00e0 l\u2019inop\u00e9rance du moyen proc\u00e9dural articul\u00e9 par l\u2019appelante. La cour r\u00e9affirme ainsi le caract\u00e8re instrumental de l\u2019astreinte et la comp\u00e9tence fonctionnelle du juge qui l\u2019a prononc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

B \u2014 La signification irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re sans grief: r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 op\u00e9rante<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision constate des d\u00e9faillances dans les diligences de l\u2019huissier d\u00e9crites avec pr\u00e9cision. Elle rappelle que \u00ab Il est de jurisprudence \u00e9tablie que l’huissier de justice doit imp\u00e9rativement v\u00e9rifier que le destinataire demeure \u00e0 l’adresse indiqu\u00e9e et mentionner sur l’acte qu’il a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 cette v\u00e9rification. L’acte doit justifier d’investigations concr\u00e8tes, pr\u00e9cises et effectives et toute formule de style est inop\u00e9rante \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, la sanction ne se d\u00e9duit pas m\u00e9caniquement de l\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle. La cour retient que l\u2019absence de grief concret fait obstacle \u00e0 la nullit\u00e9 de la notification, au regard des informations effectivement re\u00e7ues par la d\u00e9fense. Elle le dit clairement: \u00ab Dans ces conditions, l’acte de signification de l’ordonnance rendue le 08 avril 2022 n’encourant pas la nullit\u00e9, le moyen tir\u00e9 de la m\u00e9connaissance du point de d\u00e9part de l’astreinte sera d\u00e9clar\u00e9 inop\u00e9rant \u00bb. La solution maintient le point de d\u00e9part pr\u00e9vu et s\u00e9curise le d\u00e9roulement de l\u2019astreinte.<\/p>\n

II \u2014 La sanction de l\u2019inex\u00e9cution: liquidation confirm\u00e9e et astreinte renouvel\u00e9e<\/p>\n

A \u2014 L\u2019autorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions ant\u00e9rieures et l\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9 des contestations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es<\/p>\n

La cour fait application de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 attach\u00e9e aux mesures de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieures entre les m\u00eames parties. Elle rappelle que \u00ab Il est de jurisprudence constante que, en l’absence de faits nouveaux, le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ne saurait m\u00e9conna\u00eetre l’autorit\u00e9 s’attachant aux ordonnances ant\u00e9rieurement rendues entre les parties \u00bb. Les moyens relatifs \u00e0 la conformit\u00e9 du r\u00e8glement \u00e0 la loi ELAN et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre copropri\u00e9taires avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9cart\u00e9s par l\u2019arr\u00eat du 16 mai 2023.<\/p>\n

En l\u2019absence de circonstances nouvelles, la reprise de ces contestations est irrecevable. La d\u00e9marche pr\u00e9serve la stabilit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale des d\u00e9cisions rendues en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, tout en laissant ouverte la voie du fond si un d\u00e9bat renouvel\u00e9 devait na\u00eetre de faits post\u00e9rieurs pertinents.<\/p>\n

B \u2014 Les crit\u00e8res de liquidation et la port\u00e9e pratique en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle la m\u00e9thode de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019inex\u00e9cution. Elle \u00e9nonce que \u00ab Le juge saisi d’une demande de liquidation doit v\u00e9rifier que l’injonction judiciaire n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9e par le d\u00e9biteur dans les conditions et le d\u00e9lai fix\u00e9s \u00bb. Elle ajoute que \u00ab La charge de prouver que l’obligation prescrite sous astreinte a \u00e9t\u00e9 correctement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e incombe au d\u00e9biteur \u00bb. Or l\u2019appelante ne justifie d\u2019aucune ex\u00e9cution ni de difficult\u00e9s objectives dans le d\u00e9lai utile.<\/p>\n

La norme de modulation est \u00e9galement rappel\u00e9e par le texte d\u2019ex\u00e9cution. La cour cite que \u00ab L’astreinte provisoire ou d\u00e9finitive est supprim\u00e9e en tout ou partie s’il est \u00e9tabli que l’inex\u00e9cution ou le retard dans l’ex\u00e9cution de l’injonction du juge provient, en tout ou partie, d’une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re \u00bb. Faute d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment exon\u00e9ratoire, la liquidation \u00e0 12 200 euros est confirm\u00e9e pour la p\u00e9riode retenue, tandis qu\u2019une nouvelle astreinte est fix\u00e9e afin d\u2019assurer l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 de la remise en \u00e9tat.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise, enfin, l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la nouvelle contrainte. Elle indique que \u00ab La cour rel\u00e8ve que le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ne s’est pas r\u00e9serv\u00e9 express\u00e9ment la liquidation de cette nouvelle astreinte provisoire \u00bb. Le refus de r\u00e9server la liquidation ult\u00e9rieure \u00e9vite une rigidification proc\u00e9durale inutile, et m\u00e9nage les voies adapt\u00e9es selon l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de Fort-de\u2011France, 24 juin 2025. 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