{"id":802746,"date":"2026-05-01T09:58:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T07:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-13-mars-2003-n2003-467\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T09:58:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T07:58:02","slug":"conseil-constitutionnel-le-13-mars-2003-n2003-467","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/zh-hans\/conseil-constitutionnel-le-13-mars-2003-n2003-467\/","title":{"rendered":"Conseil constitutionnel, le 13 mars 2003, n\u00b02003-467"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le Conseil constitutionnel s’est prononc\u00e9 le 13 mars 2003 sur la loi pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. Des parlementaires contestaient la conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Constitution de nombreux articles.<\/p>\n

Les requ\u00e9rants estimaient que l’article 3 cr\u00e9ait un pouvoir de r\u00e9quisition pr\u00e9fectoral trop impr\u00e9cis. Ils invoquaient une m\u00e9connaissance de l’article 34 de la Constitution et du principe de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des peines.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil juge que le l\u00e9gislateur n’est pas rest\u00e9 en de\u00e7\u00e0 de sa comp\u00e9tence. Il pr\u00e9cise que l’astreinte administrative pr\u00e9vue “ne saurait \u00eatre regard\u00e9e comme une peine ou une sanction au sens de l’article 8 de la D\u00e9claration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789”<\/em> (consid\u00e9rant 5).<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision affirme la comp\u00e9tence du l\u00e9gislateur pour pr\u00e9ciser les pouvoirs de police administrative. Sa valeur est de d\u00e9limiter le champ d’application du principe de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des peines en l’excluant pour les mesures non r\u00e9pressives.<\/p>\n

Les articles 11 \u00e0 13 cr\u00e9aient un nouveau r\u00e9gime de visite des v\u00e9hicules. Les requ\u00e9rants d\u00e9non\u00e7aient une atteinte excessive \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 individuelle et \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil op\u00e8re une conciliation entre la sauvegarde de l’ordre public et les libert\u00e9s constitutionnellement garanties. Il valide les dispositions en estimant que la “liste des infractions figurant au premier alin\u00e9a du nouvel article 78-2-2 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale n’est pas manifestement excessive”<\/em> (consid\u00e9rant 12).<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est de consacrer la possibilit\u00e9 pour le l\u00e9gislateur d’instaurer des contr\u00f4les pr\u00e9ventifs. Elle subordonne leur validit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’existence de conditions strictes et \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le juridictionnel effectif.<\/p>\n

Les articles 21 et 25 \u00e9taient relatifs aux fichiers de police. Les requ\u00e9rants invoquaient une atteinte \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et une incomp\u00e9tence n\u00e9gative du l\u00e9gislateur.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil juge que le l\u00e9gislateur a assorti les dispositions de garanties suffisantes. Il estime que “l’ensemble de ces garanties est de nature \u00e0 assurer, entre le respect de la vie priv\u00e9e et la sauvegarde de l’ordre public, une conciliation qui n’est pas manifestement d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9e”<\/em> (consid\u00e9rant 27).<\/p>\n

Le sens de cet arr\u00eat est de valider les fichiers de police sous r\u00e9serve de garanties l\u00e9gales. Sa valeur est d’encadrer strictement l’utilisation des donn\u00e9es personnelles \u00e0 des fins administratives.<\/p>\n

L’article 50 cr\u00e9ait un d\u00e9lit de racolage public. Les s\u00e9nateurs contestaient la m\u00e9connaissance des principes de l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des peines.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil affirme que la r\u00e9pression du racolage public ne se heurte \u00e0 aucun principe constitutionnel. Il pr\u00e9cise que la cr\u00e9ation d’un d\u00e9lit de racolage public “ne se heurte d\u00e8s lors \u00e0 aucune r\u00e8gle, ni \u00e0 aucun principe de valeur constitutionnelle”<\/em> (consid\u00e9rant 61).<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est de reconna\u00eetre la libert\u00e9 du l\u00e9gislateur d’incriminer des comportements troublant l’ordre public. Elle impose toutefois une r\u00e9serve concernant la prise en compte de la contrainte subie par l’auteur.<\/p>\n

L’article 113 incriminait l’outrage \u00e0 l’hymne national ou au drapeau lors de manifestations. Les requ\u00e9rants y voyaient une atteinte grave \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression.<\/p>\n

Le Conseil op\u00e8re une conciliation entre la libert\u00e9 d’expression et les symboles nationaux. Il valide la disposition sous r\u00e9serve que soient exclus du champ d’application “les oeuvres de l’esprit, les propos tenus dans un cercle priv\u00e9”<\/em> (consid\u00e9rant 104).<\/p>\n

Le sens de cette d\u00e9cision est de prot\u00e9ger les symboles r\u00e9publicains tout en pr\u00e9servant la libert\u00e9 d’expression. Sa valeur est de fixer une r\u00e9serve d’interpr\u00e9tation stricte pour cantonner l’infraction aux seules manifestations publiques r\u00e9glement\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Conseil constitutionnel s’est prononc\u00e9 le 13 mars 2003 sur la loi pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. 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